Autonomic Pharmacology

Question 1

Location of nicotinic (NN) receptors

Answer 1

PANS and SANS ganglia

Adrenal medulla

Question 2

Location of nicotinic (NM) receptors

Answer 2

skeletal muscle motor end plate

Question 3

location of muscarinic receptors

Answer 3

Organs or tissues innervated by post-ganglionic nerves of PNS and thermoregulatory sweat glands of SNS

Question 4

Location of adrenoceptors

Answer 4

Organs or tissues innervated by post-ganglionic nerves of SANS

Question 5

T/F: Nicotinic (NM) receptors are not exclusively ANS receptors since NM can be present in somatic voluntary muscles

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T/F: Catecholamines have more of a neuronal effect rather than humoral or hormonal

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Potential targets for pharmacologic therapy

Answer 7

Synthesis
Storage
Release
Termination of action
Receptor effects

Question 8

Location of norepinephrine

Answer 8

most adrenoceptors in innervated tissues

Question 9

Location of dopamine

Answer 9

D1 receptors in renal vasculature

Question 10

Neurotransmitter from the adrenal medulla which activates most adrenoceptors whether or not the tissues are innervated

Answer 10

Epinephrine

Question 11

Neurotransmitters located in ENS and AND fibers in GI tract

Answer 11

Serotonin (5-HT)
Purines
Peptides

Question 12

Blocks sodium-dependent membrane choline transporter (CHT)

Answer 12

Hemicholiniums

Question 13

Blocks vesicle-associated transporter (VAT)

Answer 13

Vesamicol

Question 14

Blocks calcium receptors in fusion proteins of the presynaptic membrane

Answer 14

Botolinum toxin (Botox)

Question 15

Major mechanism of Ach termination

Answer 15

Acetylcholinesterase (AchE)

Question 16

Pathway of Ach inactivation utilized by indirect acting cholinomimetics

Answer 16

Acetylcholinesterase

Question 17

Target of M1 receptor

Answer 17

Stomach glands

Question 18

Response of stomach glands to M1

Answer 18

Inc. gastric secretion

Question 19

Target of M2 receptor

Answer 19

SA and AV nodes

Question 20

T/F: Ach drug has a short half-life and has no clinical use

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Clinical use of Bethanechol

Answer 21

Induce peristalsis

Question 22

Treatment for paralytic ileus and urinary retention

Answer 22

Bethanechol

Question 23

Treatment for glaucoma and xerostomia

Answer 23

Pilocarpine

Question 24

Treatment for smoking cessation

Answer 24

Nicotine

Lobeline

Question 25

T/F: Inhibiting few AchE with indirect-acting cholimimetics will produce significant effects

Answer 25

False

Question 26

A simple alcohol drug for myasthenia gravis

Answer 26

Edrophonium

Question 27

T/F: A small dose of edrophonium will cause improvement in myasthenia patients, while the same dose will exacerbate cholinergic crisis

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Clinical use of Physostigmine

Answer 28

Glaucoma

Antidote in atropine overdose

Question 29

Quaternary amine carbamates for ileus, urinary retention, myasthenia, reversal of non-depokarizing NM blockers

Answer 29

Neostigmine

Pyridostigmine

Question 30

Treatment for Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 30

Donepezil

Tacrine

Question 31

Indirect-acting cholimimetics with intermediate acting effects

Answer 31

Physostigmine
Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine

Question 32

Clinical use of organophosphates

Answer 32

Insecticides

Nerve gas

Question 33

Due to the “aging” effect, antodite for organophosphate poisoning should be given within how many hours to reversibly break PO4-AchE bond?

Answer 33

24 hours

Question 34

Symptoms of cholinergic excess

Answer 34

Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bronchoconstriction
Bradycardia & hypotension
Excitation (skeletal muscle fasciculation, then paralysis)
Lacrimation
Salivation
Sweating

Question 35

Cholinergic excess management

Answer 35

Atropine, plus pralidoxime