Flashcards in Autonomics of Respiration Deck (24):
1
Sympathetic Receptors
1. Nicotinic receptors (ACh) --> located on adrenal medulla --> cause actiavtion and release of Epi
2. Alpha 1 receptors (Epi=NE>>>>iso) --> contraction of VSM --> stimulates phospholipase C --> IP3 --> elevated Ca2+
3. Beta-2 receptors (iso>Epi>>>>>NE) --> relaxation of smooth muscle, glycogenolysis (Epi is natural stimulus for B-2 receptors in lung)
2
Location in body with greatest amount of nicotinic receptors?
Skeletal muscle --> cause contraction
3
Parasympathetic Receptors
1. Nicotinic receptors (ACh) --> located on postsynaptic surface of postganglionic nerve --> causes activation of postganglionic nerve
2. Muscarinic receptors (ACh) --> all end-organ responses --> activate PLC or suppress AC
4
Where do parasympathetic nerves in lung originiate?
Medulla Oblongata
5
Where do sympathetic nerves to lung originate?
Thoracic Spine
6
Sympathetics function
constrict vasculature via alpha 1 receptor (decongestants)
dilate bronchioles via beta-2 receptors
7
Parasympathetics function
constrict bronchioles via muscarinic receptors and increase secretions
(anti-muscarinics dilate bronchioles --> "tropiums")
8
Most common initial treatment for asthma?
Albuterol (SABA)
9
Beta-2 Agonists
All given via inhalation --> restricts activity to lung tissue --> good
Major S.E. = tachycardia and palpitations (beta-1), tremor (beta-2), headache
10
Epi
- constricts vasculature, relaxes bronchioles
- used for anaphylaxis
- metabolized by MAO, COMT
11
Iso
- synthetic catecholamine stimulated beta-receptors
- relaxes beta-2 receptors
- metabolizes COMT not MAO
12
Ephedrine
partial beta-2 agonists (treat bronchospasm)
- releases NE which has direct effects (increase BP, relaxes bronchioles)
13
Pseudoephedrine
stereoisomer of ephedrine commonly used to treat nasal congestion
14
Phenylephrine
alpha 1 agonist
15
Muscarinic receptor antagonists
Ipratropium, tiotropium
bronchodilator and dries up secretions
16
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor
Roflumilast --> bronchodilator for COPD --> improves FEV1
major side effect --> Nausea
17
alpha blockers
cause mucosal stuffiness --> block alpha 1 receptors in vasculature
18
beta blockers
increase airway resistance (bronchoconstriction) --> particularly in asthmatics (olol's)
19
Based on efficacy of anatagonists, which of following are likely to cause asthma?
NOT HISTAMINE!!!!
- leukotriene more likely
20
Zafirlukast effective for asthma, whats causing asthma?
Leukotriene
21
If diphenhydramine is not effective in asthma, asthma most likely?
Not caused by histamine!!!!
22
Which is best for treating anaphylaxis
EPI --> constricts vasculature via alpha 1 and relaxes bronchioles via beta-2
23
Best decongestant?
Alpha 1 agonist --> phenylephrine
24