Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Axilla Brachial Plexus and Arm > Flashcards

Axilla Brachial Plexus and Arm Flashcards

1
Q

Deep fascia: Brachial

A

Lateral and medial intermuscular septa attach to the bone
Divide into anterior and posterior compartment
Clinical importance: fascial compartments of the upper limb contain and direct the spread of infection or hemorrhage in the limb - compartment syndrome - cut fascia to release pressure so you don’t damage the nerve - not as common in arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Superficial veins of the upper limb

A

Cephalic veins (travels laterally)
Basilic vein (travels medially)
Connected by Median cubital vein - where you draw blood from
Both drain in to the axiallary vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Arteries of the upper limb

A

Subclavian artery
Axillary arters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Subclavian artery

A

arises from the brachicephalic on the right and directly from the arch of the aorta on the left - remember this
Subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the 1st rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Axillary artery branches

A

First:
1. Superior thoracic artery - to first intercostal space
Second:
1. Thoraco-acromial trunk (acromial branch, clavicular branch, deltoid branch, pectoral branch) - into four additional arteries
2. Lateral thoracic artery - sits away from thoracic wall - give blood to serratus anterior
Third:
1. Subscapular artery (thoracodorsal artery in lattisimus dorsi,) (circumflex scapular artery - triangular space)
2. Anterior humeral circumflex artery - small
3. Posterior humeral circumflex artery - large - in quadrangular space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thoraco-acromial trunk

A
  1. Acromial branch
  2. Clavicular branch
  3. Deltoid branch
  4. Pectoral Branch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Brachial plexus Hierarchy

A

Roots (5): emerge through anterior and middle scalene m.m.
Trunks (3): lie superior to the 1st rib and course with subclavian a.
Divisions (6): split off behind clavicle; anterior and posterior from each trunk
Cords (3): posterior to pectoralis minor m. and related to 2nd part of axillary a. - Don’t tag above the cords
Branches (terminal) (5) continue out
written questions: all fair game

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How to draw the brachial plexus

A

3 Y’s
1 M
1 X
1 Back slash
Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Divisions

A

Each trunk divides into a anterior and posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Musuculocutaneous nerve

A

Formed from lateral cord
C5-C7 ventral rami contributions
Pierces thru coracobrachialis muscle
- descends between biceps brachii and brachialis mm.
Major nerve of the anterior arm
Continues as lateral cutaneous nerve of arm (innervates skin of lateral forearms)
Muscles and cutaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

Formed from medial cord
C8-T1 ventral rami contributions
Located medial to brachial artery in arm
Run posterior to Medial epicondyle - pinches ulnar nerve - funny bone
Innervates NOTHING in arm or forearm
Runs behind medial epicondyle
Major Nerve of the hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Median Nerve

A

Formed from 1/2 lateral cord and 1/2 medial cord
C6-T1 ventral rami contributions
Passes medial to arm mm.
Lateral to brachial artery proximally
Distally crosses to medial side of brachial artery
Innervates NOTHING in arm
Major Nerve of the anterior forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Axillary nerve

A

Formed from posterior cord
C5-C6 ventral rami contributions
Circles behind humerus in quadrangular space (with posterior circumflex humeral artery)
Innervates Deltoid and Teres minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Radial nerve

A

Formed from posterior cord
C5-T1 ventral rami contributions
Passes posterior to humerus, travels with profunda brachii (deep artery of arm) artery in the radial groove, pair seen in triangular interval
Gives off cutaneous branches (inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm and posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm)
Major Nerve of the posterior arm and forearm
Patient with mid-shaft humeral break - this can be damaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Upper plexus nerves

A

Dorsal Scapular nerve (C5) - rhomboids and lavator scapulae
Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7) - serratus anterior - can be damaged from mastectomy
Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6) - supraspinatus and infraspinatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dorsal Scpular nerve (C5)

A

Passes posteriorly to reach and travel along the medial border of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Long thoracic nerve (C5-c7)

A

Passes vertically down the neck, through the axillary inlet, and down the medial wall of the axilla.
Runs with lateral thoracic artery
lies on the superficial aspect of the serratus anterior muscle
tight against thoracic wall
Lateral thoracic artery

18
Q

Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)

A

Passes laterally through the posterior triangle of the neck and through the suprascapular notch to enter the posterior scapular region
Nerve goes under the superior transverse scapular posterior ligament

19
Q

Nerve to the subcalvius (C5-C6)

A

Passes anterioinferiorly over the subclavian artery and vein

20
Q

Lateral pectoral nerve (C5-C7)

A

Branches from lateral cord

21
Q

Medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)

A

Branches from medial cord
pierces pec minor to innervate pec major m.

22
Q

Upper subscapular nerve (C5-C6)

A

First branch off posterior cord
Passes posteriorly to directly innervate subscapularis muscle

23
Q

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)
“Middle subscapular nerve”

A

Second branch off posterior cord
Runs inferolaterally along posterior axiallary wall; close to thoracodorsal artery
- artery from the third portion of artery

24
Q

Lower subscapular nerve (C5-C6)

A

third branch off posterior cord
Runs inferolaterally, deep to subscrapular artery
Innervates teres major and subscapularis muscle

25
Q

Additional nerves

A

Medial brachial cutaneous nerve (C8-T1)
Medial antibrachial cutanous nerve (C8-T1)

26
Q

medial Brachial cutaneous nerve (C8-T1)

A

Sensory to medial arm
Second branch off medial cord
Runs along medial side of axillary and branchial vv.

27
Q

Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (C8-T1)
Not the ulnar nerve in dissection

A

Sensory to medial forearm
Third branch off medial cord
Initially runs with ulnar nerve but pierces deep fascia with basilic vein and enters subcutaneous tissue

28
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome

A

Compression of subclavian artery and vein or brachial plexus
Most commonly affect the nerves
Causes: physical trauma, anatomical defects, tumor, poor posture, pregnancy, repetitive arm movements.
More common in women
Impacts to blood vessels and nerve

29
Q

Brachial plexus injuries

A

Upper plexus (C5-C6)
Lower plexus (C8-T1)

30
Q

Upper plexus injury

A

C5-C6
usually results from excessive increase in angle between neck and shoulder
Effects in shoulder region

31
Q

Lower plexus injury

A

C8-T1
May occur when upper limb is suddenly pulled superiorly
More effects in the hand

32
Q

Muscles of the Arm - Two compartments

A

Anterior - Flexors
Posterior - extensors

33
Q

Anterior flexor muscles of arm

A

Biceps brachii muscle long head
Coracobrachialis muscle
Biceps brachii muscle short head
Brachialis muscle

34
Q

Posterior extensor muscles of arm

A

Triceps brachii muscle medial head
Triceps brachii muscle lateral head
Triceps brachii muscle long head
Little body is conius

35
Q

Biceps brachii muscle

A

O: Know origin for each
Short head: coracoid process of scapula
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (thru joint capsule)
I: radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
Inn: Musculocutaneous nerve
Actions: supinates flexed forearm, flexes forearm (when supine) and short head resists dislocation

36
Q

Brachialis muscle

A

O: Distal half of anterior humerus
I: Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
Inn: musculocutaneous and radial nerve
Actions: flexes forearm in all positions
Can flex in a supine and pronated position

37
Q

Coracobrachilais muscle

A

O: Coracoid process of scapula
I: middle third of medial surface of humerus
Inn: Musculocutaneous nerve
Actions: flexes, ADducts arm, and resists dislocation

38
Q

Triceps brachii muscle

A

O: know origin for each
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula - attach to scapula
Lateral Head: posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove - attach to bone
Medial head: posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial grove
I: Olecranon process of the ulna and fascia of the forearm
Inn: Radial nerve
Actions: Chief extensor of forearm; long head resists dislocation
Little extension of shoulder

39
Q

Anconeus muscle

A

triceps little helper
Don’t need to know o or i
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Olecranon process and proximal posterior ulna
Inn: radial nerve
Actions: assists triceps in forearm extension, stabilizes elbow joint, may abduct ulna during pronation

40
Q

Myotome and tendon testing

A

C5 - shoulder ABduction
C6 - elbow flexion -
C7 - elbow extension

41
Q

Reflex testing

A

C6 - biceps tendon
C7 - triceps tendon

42
Q

Arteries of the arm

A

Axillary artery becomes the brachial artery at inferior border of teres major muscle
runs down medial side of the arm
Cross cubital fossa
Medial to the tendon of the biceps brachii
Branches into the radial and ulnar artery

Anatomy (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions