B1 W4

Question 1

What has no effect on the receptor but reduces agonist effect?

Answer 1

Antagonist

Question 2

What connective tissue sheath surrounds each nerve?

Answer 2

Epineurium

Question 3

What is therapeutic window?

Answer 3

Range of effective doses within a safe range

Question 4

Which ion initiates exocytosis?

Answer 4

Ca2+

Question 5

What are Schwann cells?

Answer 5

Make up the myelin sheath

Question 6

What bacterial chemical inhibits the exocytosis of neurosecretory vesicles?

Answer 6

Botulinum

Question 7

What is an amplifier enzyme and a secondary messenger?

Answer 7

G protein

Question 8

Time course

Answer 8

The time for the drug to reach the receptor, binding rate constants, activation and I activation of the receptors and time needed for the drug to be removed from the tissues.

Question 9

What is the term used to describe the factor which determine active conc of drug at active site?

Answer 9

Pharmacokinetics

Question 10

Which secondary messenger is formed from membrane phospholipids and is amplified by phospholipase C to release Calcium ion stores?

Answer 10

Inositol triphosphate

Question 11

Tmax

Answer 11

Time taken between drug dose and cmax

Question 12

Which protein undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation by JAKS and dimerise to translocate to the nucleus to mediate DNA transcription

Answer 12

STATs

Question 13

STATS

Answer 13

Proteins bound to phosphorylated residues on receptor kinase. They undergo tyrosine phosphorylation by JAKS and dimerise to translocate to the nucleus and mediate DNA transcription

Question 14

Which motor division controls CNS -> muscles?

Answer 14

Somatic

Question 15

Located in the cell membrane and are a single transmembrane helix liking extracellular receptor domain to intracellular kinase domains

Answer 15

Receptor kinase

Question 16

Two compartment model

Answer 16

Drug enters the peripheral compartment and enters the central compartment which is the plasma/liver/kidney

Question 17

Receptor kinase

Answer 17

Transmembrane helix linking extracellular domain to intracellular domain

Question 18

What is the term used to describe the dose of a drug required to produce a given effect which depends on efficacy and affinity?

Answer 18

Potency

Question 19

Conc which half the drug is bound to receptor at equilibrium

Answer 19

Disassociation constant

Question 20

What is the nitric oxide pathway?

Answer 20

Induces vasodilation. Nitric oxide activates guanyl cyclase for conversion of GMP

Question 21

Monomeric G proteins

Answer 21

Cause phosphorylation cascade

Question 22

What surrounds each individual nerve fibre?

Answer 22

Endoneurium

Question 23

Enzymes which use oxidation to metabolise substrates. Can be inhibited by drugs

Answer 23

Cytochrome P450

Question 24

Division of nervous system from CNS to muscles

Answer 24

Somatic nervous system

Question 25

Division of the nervous system from CNS to glands and muscles?

Answer 25

Autonomic From CNS to glands and muscles

Question 26

Spinal nerves

Answer 26

PNS nerves which originate in the spinal cord

Question 26

What connective tissue sheath surrounds individual nerve fibre?

Answer 26

Endoneurium

Question 27

Potency

Answer 27

Dose of a drug for a given effect, depends on affinity and efficacy

Question 28

Neuroglia

Answer 28

Supply nutrients, digest dead neurons

Question 29

Signalling where substances act on cells nearby

Answer 29

Paracrine signalling

Question 30

Signalling where substances act on the cell it was synthesised and secreted from

Answer 30

Autocrine signalling

Question 31

Substances act within the cells that created it

Answer 31

Intracrine signalling such as steroid hormone

Question 32

Neurons with multiple dendrites

Answer 32

Multipolar neurons such as motor neurone

Question 33

Emax

Answer 33

Maximal effect of a drug

Question 34

Serine threonine kinase

Answer 34

Phosphorylates serine and kinase residues

Question 35

Terminal button

Answer 35

Ends of axon which forms synapses

Question 36

One dendrite and one axon connected by soma

Answer 36

Bipolar neuron such as sensory neuron

Question 37

Pseudounipolar

Answer 37

Sensory neurone

Question 38

Substances act on adjacent cells in direct contact

Answer 38

Juxtacrine signalling

Question 39

Dialglycerol

Answer 39

Secondary messanger made from membrane phospholipids amplified by phospholipase C

Question 39

Dialglycerol

Answer 39

Secondary messanger made from membrane phospholipids amplified by phospholipase C

Question 40

Hypothalamus

Answer 40

Area of the brain which controls thirst, hunger, osmotic pressure and pituituary gland

Question 41

Replaces GDP to activate the alpha subunit

Answer 41

GTP

Question 42

Nucleus receptors

Answer 42

Monomeric receptors with separate receptor and DNA binding site