B11 - Endocrine system

Question 1

endocrine system

Answer 1

glands secrete hormones into bloodstream

Question 2

how do hormones reach target organ

Answer 2

via blood
-receptors from organ detect hormone molecules
-trigger response

Question 3

hormones

Answer 3

chemical messages

Question 4

endocrine system compared to nervous system

Answer 4

-slower
-longer lasting effect

Question 5

rapid response hormones

Answer 5

insulin
adrenaline

Question 6

slower hormones

Answer 6

growth
sex hormones

Question 7

pituitary gland

Answer 7

-master gland
-found in brain
-secretes hormone into blood in response to changes in internal environment

Question 8

pituitary gland and ADH

Answer 8

releases ADH
-controlled urine output by kidney

Question 9

pituitary gland hormones other use

Answer 9

to stimulate other glands to release hormones

Question 10

FSH = stimulating target organ

Answer 10

follicule stimulating hormone
-stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen

Question 11

TSH

Answer 11

stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroxine

Question 12

thryoxine

Answer 12

controls metabollic rate

Question 13

pituitary gland function

Answer 13

-growth in children
-sex hormones

Question 14

pancreas

Answer 14

controls levels of glucose in blood
-via insulin and glucagon

Question 15

Adrenal gland

Answer 15

produces adrenaline for stressful situations

Question 16

insulin use

Answer 16

-produced after eaten a meal
-decreases blood glucose level after it rises

stabilises glucose with narrow concentration range

Question 17

insulin and glucose

Answer 17

allows glucose to move into cells from blood

Question 18

insoluble store of glucose

Answer 18

glycogen in liver and muscles

Question 19

Glycogen

Answer 19

when stores in liver and muscles are full
-stored as lipids = too much is obesity

Question 20

glucagon

Answer 20

secreted by pancreas
-raises blood glucose level
-makes liver breakdown glycogen stores

Question 21

negative feedback for glucose in pacreas

Answer 21

-switches between two hormones
-keeps glucose levels constant

Question 22

Type 1 diabetes occurs in who

Answer 22

children and teens

Question 23

Type 1 diabetes happens because of

Answer 23

genetics

Question 24

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 24

-pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin
-glucose isn’t controlled after eating

Question 25

Type 1 diabetes - thirst cause

Answer 25

kidneys excrete glucose in urine

Question 26

Type 1 diabetes = lack of energy

Answer 26

• glucose cannot enter cells = lack of energy

Question 27

Type 1 diabetes - loss of weight

Answer 27

-breaks down lipid stores as fuel instead

Question 28

Type 2 diabetes happens in who

Answer 28

-older ppl
-obese

Question 29

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 29

pancreas makes insulin but not enough
or cells don’t respond to it

Question 30

Treating Type 2 diabetes

Answer 30

-balanced diet
-exercise
losing weight

Question 31

Treating Type 1 diabetes

Answer 31

-insulin before meals = injected
-allows glucose to be taken in by cells and converted to glycogen

Question 32

why is insulin injected and not ingested

Answer 32

would be digested

Question 33

Type 1 diabetes - transplant treatment

Answer 33

-pancreas = risky
-pancreatic cells that make insulin - unsuccessful

Question 34

Drugs for treating diabetes

Answer 34

-make insulin work better
-make more insulin
-reduce glucose you absorb from gut

Question 35

negative feedback meaning

Answer 35

coordination of changes
in the internal environment of your body
with amounts of hormones produced

-maintains steady state

Question 36

negative feedback changes

Answer 36

if one factor increases = changes are made to restore usual level

initial change = opposite effect to restore

Question 37

Negative feedback: thyroxine

Answer 37

-produced by pituitary gland + TSH
-if levels fall brain detects this by sensors
-releases TSH

Question 38

Adrenaline causes (5)

Answer 38

-pupils to dilate
-faster heart rate and breathing rate
-glucagon = glucose for resp
-increase in mental awareness
-blood diverted from digestive system to brain/muscles

Question 39

adrenaline boosts

Answer 39

delivery of o2 and glucose to brain