B2 W4

Question 1

SVC

Answer 1

Superior vena cava comes from the common cardinal ceins

Question 2

What joins the endocardial cushions to separate the ventricles?

Answer 2

Interventricular septum

Question 3

Ventral aorta function

Answer 3

Ventral aorta joins the primitive heart tube and fuses to form the aortic sac.

Question 4

Low pressure receptors

Answer 4

Stretch receptors in atria that cause blood pressure to fall. These are part of the natriuretic peptide system

Question 5

Which arches disappear after pharyngeal arch 5?

Answer 5

Arch 1 and 2

Question 6

Which pharyngeal aortic arches give rise to the vessels?

Answer 6

Pharyngeal arch 3, 4 and 6

Question 7

What is the resistance to flow of liquid?

Answer 7

Viscosity

Question 8

Which receptors are involved in short term control of BP?

Answer 8

Chemoreceptors/ Baroreceptors in the carotid artery and aortic arch.

Question 9

What does the primitive ventricle give rise to?

Answer 9

Trabeculated (rough) R + L ventricles

Question 10

What is the hormonal system for renal control of low blood pressure?

Answer 10

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone

Question 11

What gives rise to left subclavian artery?

Answer 11

Left 7th cervical intersegmental artery

Question 12

What is the formation of new blood vessels?

Answer 12

Vasculogenesis. Angioblasts form islands and cords and canalisation occurs

Question 13

Separate atria from ventricles during development

Answer 13

Atrioventricular endocardial cushions

Question 14

Sinous venosus

Answer 14

Sinous venosus Gives rise to the smooth Right atrium, coronary sinus and oblique vein of LA

Question 15

Where does the heart develop from?

Answer 15

Primary heart field

Question 16

Primary heart field

Answer 16

Where heart develops from. Atria are laterally deposited and ventricular cells are medially deposited

Question 17

What gives rise to the pulmonary artery?

Answer 17

6th pharyngeal arch

Question 18

What is Pharyngeal arch 4?

Answer 18

Comes from the ventral aortic sac. Gives rise to aortic arch.

Question 19

Which side does the heart loop towards during development?

Answer 19

Right side

Question 20

Angioblastic cord

Answer 20

Angioblastic cords paired epithelial strands which canalise into the heart tubes.

Question 21

What is the effect of prostaglandin?

Answer 21

Vasodilator which increases the GFR and reduce Na+ reabsorption

Question 22

Increases blood pressure by acting as a potent vasoconstrictor and promotes aldosterone release

Answer 22

Angiotensin II

Question 23

Which vessels are pressure reservoirs?

Answer 23

Arteries

Question 24

Natriuretic peptide

Answer 24

Atrial natriuretic peptide Synthesised and stored by cardiomyocytes, released when BP is high to lower it

Question 25

What gives rise to the external carotid artery

Answer 25

Pharyngeal arch 3

Question 26

How are substances exchanged across capillary walls?

Answer 26

Diffusion, transcytosis and bulk flow

Question 27

Bradykinin

Answer 27

Potent vasodilator broken down by ACE to increase BP

Question 28

What are the metarteriole vascular shunts which control flow into the capillaries?

Answer 28

Precapillary sphincters

Question 29

Angiogenesis

Answer 29

Angiogenesis Formation of new blood vessels from pre-exiting blood vessels by budding and branching. Occurs during wound healing.

Question 30

Mechanorecepotrs that detect blood pressure

Answer 30

Baroreceptors

Question 31

What is the consequence of Atrial septal defect?

Answer 31

Causes frequent respiratory infections, difficulty breathing and heart palpitations

Question 32

Transcytosis

Answer 32

Transport where Substances in plasma are enclosed in pinocytic vesicles that enter endothelial cells by endocytosis and exit to the other side to other tissue by exocytosis

Question 33

Aorticopulmonary septum

Answer 33

Spiral that allows blood to bypass the lungs and joins the pulmonary artery with aorta

Question 34

Opening between atria which gets closed off by the descending septum primum

Answer 34

Foramen primum

Question 35

Vasomotor center

Answer 35

Area in the medulla which regulates blood pressure via vasodilation

Question 36

Which vessels have the highest cross sectional area?

Answer 36

Capillaries

Question 37

Dorsal aorta

Answer 37

Dorsal aorta Which blood vessels which provides nutrient rich blood to the body tissues in the embryo.

Question 37

Hemiangioblast

Answer 37

Hemiangioblast derived from mesoderm and ectoderm that produces blood cells

Question 38

Stroke volume

Answer 38

Blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction, determined by end diastolic volume, end systolic volume and preload, contractility and after load.

Question 39

Vasculogenesis

Answer 39

Formation of new blood vessels from angioblasts form islands and canals for canalisation

Question 40

Aortic arch

Answer 40

Aortic sac, left aortic horn and left 4th arch artery

Question 41

Bulbos cordus

Answer 41

Smooth Left and Right ventricles -> includes conus arteriosus, outflow tract and infundibulum

Question 42

Truncus arteriosus

Answer 42

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 43

Primitive ventricle

Answer 43

Trabeculated L + R ventricle

Question 44

Primitive atria

Answer 44

Rough L + R atria

Question 45

Sinus venosus

Answer 45

Smooth R atria, coronary sinus and oblique vein of L atria

Question 46

L+ R differentiation of the heart

Answer 46

Cardiac looping

Question 47

Allows communication between the atria

Answer 47

Foramen secundum

Question 48

Allows blood to bypass the lungs and joins the pulmonary artery and aorta

Answer 48

Aorticopulmonary septum

Question 49

What regulates blood flow into tissues in response to demand?

Answer 49

Pre-capillary sphincters

Question 50

Aldosterone release

Answer 50

Adrenal cortex via action of angiotensin II

Question 51

ADH release

Answer 51

Posterior pituitary gland

Question 52

What ensures blood flow around the body?

Answer 52

Pressure

Question 53

Venous return is caused by...

Answer 53

Respiratory pump, muscular pump, gravity adn sympathetic venoconstriction

Question 54

What carries blood from foetus to placenta?

Answer 54

Umbilical vein

Question 55

Transcytosis

Answer 55

Substances in plasma are enclosed in pinocytic vesicles which enter via endocytosis into tissues and exit to the other side by exocyotosis

Question 56

Preload

Answer 56

Volume in the heart pre-contraction, affected by venous returnwwhich affects blood end diastolic volume

Question 57

Endocardium

Answer 57

Inner lining of the heart formed of simple squamous epithelia