B2.10 Protein Manafacture

Question 1

Describe in detail the stages of protein synthesis including transcription and translation

Answer 1

Transcription takes place inside the nucleus. The DNA in a gene unzips by breaking weak hydrogen bonds between bases in the double helix. One strand of a DNA is used as a template. Complementary bases link together forming an mRNA.
RNA is one strand has base called uracil instead of thymine. mRNA moves out of the nucleus into the cells cytoplasm.

In the cytoplasm the mRNA attaches to the ribosome, ribosome decode triplets of bases in the mRNA for specific amino acids. The transfer of amino acids to the ribosome by tRNA and the linking of amino acids to form polypeptides

Question 2

Describe how the order of bases in a section of DNA decides the order of amino acids

Answer 2

Through protein synthesis, a specific order of bases in the DNA produces a specific order of amino acids in the chain and so produces a particular protein.

Question 3

Describe the differences between translation and transcription?

Answer 3

Transcription happens in the DNA, this is when the two DNA strands unzips when the weak hydrogen bonds gluing them together are broken and one strands forms an MRNA.

Translation happens in the cytoplasm this is when the mRNA is being decoded by the ribosome whilst the tRNA complementary bases are attaching to the mrna’s codons which codes for specific protein. Once the mRNA is fully decoded, the string of amino acids form a polypeptide which twists and turns to link up with other polypeptides and form protein