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IBI Test 4 > B3.039 - Prework Immune Cell Development > Flashcards

B3.039 - Prework Immune Cell Development Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

what are naive lymphocytes

A

lymphocytes that express antigen receptors but cant do anything

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2
Q

where do naive lymphocytes circulate and what do they do

A

amongst peripheral lymphoid organs surveilling for antigens

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3
Q

when do naive lymphocytes differentiate?

A

upon exposure to memory or effector cells

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4
Q

how do naive lymphocytes die

A

undergo apoptosis if they dont find their antigen within weeks to months

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5
Q

B cell effector cells do what

A

produce molecules that eliminate antigens

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6
Q

what do plasma cells do

A

produce antibodies in the peripheral lymphoid tissues

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7
Q

what do plasmablasts do

A

produce antibodies in blood stream

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8
Q

what do T cell effector cells do

A

produce molecules that eliminate antigens

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9
Q

CD4+ T helper cells do what

A

produce cytokines to activate B cells, macrophages and others

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10
Q

what do CD8+ T cytotoxic cells do

A

kill infected host cells

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11
Q

what is a lymph node

A

encapsulated aggregates of lymphoid tissue

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12
Q

what do lymphatic vessels carry

A

lymph that has drained from tissues to lymph nodes

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13
Q

Describe the role of APCs and lymph

A

APCs sample lymph for antigens to microbes

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14
Q

what do dendritic cells do with regards to lymph

A

dendritic cells capture antigens of microbes and transport hem to lymph node via the afferent lymphatic vessel

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15
Q

What is in the follicles of lymph nodes

A

B cells - periphery/cortex

Follicular dendritic cells

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16
Q

What is in the germinal center of a lymph follicle

A

B cells that have recently responded to an antigen

Site of antibody production

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17
Q

what is the site of antibody production

A

germinal center of follicle

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18
Q

What is in the paracortex of lymph nodes

A

T cells adjacent to the follicles

Dendtritic cells

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19
Q

where do naive T and B lymphocytes enter through

A

HEV high endothelial venule

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20
Q

what is the receptor on B cells that homes them to the follicle

A

CXCR5

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21
Q

what is the receptor that homes T cells to the paractorex

A

CCR7

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22
Q

plasma cells secrete what

A

antibodies into the blood stream and onto mucosal surfaces to bind microbes or their toxins

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23
Q

do plasma cells migrate to sites of infection

A

no

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24
Q

to effector T cells migrate to sites of infection

A

yes

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25
what do non effector T memory T cells do
recirculated in the lymph node
26
in the spleen pathogens are coated by antibodies generated from where
the white pulp
27
what does the red pulp do
filters and removes microorganisms via phagocytes as well as old RBCs
28
what is PALS
periarteriolar lymphoid sheath that surrounds the splenic arteriole
29
what is the white pulp made of
PALS and lymphoid follicles together
30
what surrounds the white pulp
the red pulp
31
what is the mantle zone of the spleen
ring of lymphocytes surrounding the germinal center
32
what is the marginal zone
interface between the red pulp and white pulp where particulate antigen from circulation is trapped and presented to APCs
33
what constitutes GALT
spleen | lymph nodes
34
what is the function of GALT
trap pathogens and their secreted antigens that have entered through the GI tract Presentation to naive lymphocytes passing through
35
what do M cells do in the GALT
they are specialized epithelial cells that promote antigen transportation to underlying tissues
36
what type of cells find antigen in the lamina propria and activate innate and adaptive immunity
dendritic T cells macrophages
37
what are peyers patches
organized areas of lymphoid aggregates
38
what antibody transports to the lumen to neutralize microbes
IgA
39
what keeps T lymphocytes from attacking commensal microbes in the GALT/MALT and cutaneous lymphoid tissue
T regulatory cells and others
40
what percentage of lymphocytes are in the GALT/MALT and cutaneous lymphoid tissue
25%
41
the cortex of the thymus has what kind of cell
immature T lymphocytes that differentiate, undergo selection
42
what type of cell is in the medulla
less T lymphocytes | undergo further selection and mature prior to leaving
43
what are hassals corpuscles
within the medulla | flat keratinized degenrate epithelial cells
44
What is the order of IgH rearrangement
1. D to J recombination 2. V to DJ 3. V(D)J recombinase - a group of enzymes that mediate recombination
45
what are lymphocytes specific enzymes of recombination
RAG-1 and RAG-2 | TdT
46
what are ubiquitously expressed enzymes for IgH rearrangement
DNA ligase IV and DNA-PK
47
what do RAG1/2 mediate
combinatorial diversity
48
what is mediated by TdT
Junctional diversity
49
What is junctional diversity created by
addition/subtraction of nucleotides at the coding joint
50
Autospecific B cells undergo what before destruction
a second kappa/lambda locus rearrangement | L chain gets replaced and then goes through selection again
51
what is negative selection
if BCR editing doesnt succeed, undergo apoptosis | Most immature B cells die
52
what is positive selection
becoming mature naive B cells
53
what do most mature naive B cells express
IgM and IgD
54
what do pro B cells express
RAG-1/2, TdT
55
what do Pre B cells express
IgM and surrogate light chain | Re express RAG1/2
56
what do immature B cells express
IgM and kappa or lambda light chain
57
what do mature B cells express
IgM and IgD (most co express)
58
what are TRECs
T cell receptor excision circles
59
what do TRECs do
they are circular DNA formed by genomic rearrangement that occur during VDJ recombination
60
what is the diagnostic usage of TRECs (qPCR)
newborn screening for immunodeficiency | Thymic output after HSCT
61
What does having TRECs tell you
you have activated T cell receptors leaving the thymus
62
What is a DN thymocyte
analogous to Pro and Pre B cells
63
what is expressed by DN thymocytes
Pre TCR
64
what is a DP thymocyte analogous to
immature B cell
65
what is expressed by DP thymocyte
TCR alpha beta, CD4, CD8
66
what are SP thymocytes analagous to
mature B cells
67
how does positive selection for T cells work
TCR binds MHC peptide complexes in the thymus, only cells expressing a TCR that can bind MHC peptide can be positively selected
68
what determines if a T cell will differentiate into CD4 or CD8
if the DP CD4/8+ expresses a TCR that recognizes MHC Class 1 then its CD8 and vice versa
69
how does negative selection for T cells work
cells that fail to bind undergo apoptosis

IBI Test 4 (12 decks)

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