B3.2.4 Controlling Reproduction

Question 1

2 groups of contraception

Answer 1

Hormonal
Non hormonal

Question 2

Hormonal contraception

Answer 2

Use hormones to disrupt the normal female reproductive cycle

Question 3

Non hormonal contraception

Answer 3

Barrier methods that prevent a sperm from contacting the egg or physical devices that release chemical compounds
These chemicals kill sperm cells(spermicides) or prevent the implantation of fertilised eggs

Question 4

Condom advantages

Answer 4

Non hormonal
Prevents spread of STIs
No medical side effects

Question 5

Condom disadvantages

Answer 5

Allergies to latex/spermicides/plastic
Moderately high failure rate when used improperly/ inconsistently
May split/tear
Skin irritation- contact dermatitis

Question 6

How does diaphragm/cervical cap work

Answer 6

Non hormonal, inserted into vagina to cover the cervix
Prevent sperm cells from entering uterus
Removed after 6 or more hours after…

Question 7

How does IUD work

Answer 7

Non hormonal
Inserted into uterus
Releases copper which prevents sperm from surviving in the uterus and fallopian tubes
Can also prevent implantation of a fertilised ovum

Question 8

Advantage of IUD

Answer 8

Protects against pregnancy for 5-10 years
Not affected by other medicines
No hormonal side effects
Possible to get pregnant as soon as removed
Works straight away once fitted

Question 9

Disadvantage of IUD

Answer 9

Longer, heavier, more painful periods
Doesn’t protect against STIs
If you get an infection with it fitted, could lead to pelvic infection if not treated

Question 10

How does combined pill work?

Answer 10

Hormonal
Prevents ovulation
Thickens mucus from cervix , stopping sperm from reaching an ovum
Prevents implantation of a fertilised egg into uterus wall

Question 11

Combined pill advantage

Answer 11

Reduces risk of cancer (ovarian, womb, colon)
May reduce acne
Usually makes period lighter, regular and less painful

Question 12

Combined pill disadvantage

Answer 12

Can increase blood pressure
Doesn’t protect against STIs
Breakthrough bleeding and spotting is common in first few months of use
May cause temp side effects like mood swings, headaches, nausea, breast tenderness
Must be taken daily for 21 days of menstrual cycle

Question 13

Advantage of diaphragm

Answer 13

No serious associated health risks, side effects or hormones
Last a long time

Question 14

Disadvantage of cervical cap

Answer 14

Not effective unless used in combination with a spermicide
No reliable protection against STIs
Latex irritation
May cause bladder infection

Question 15

How does progesterone pill work

Answer 15

Hormonal
Thickens mucus from cervix, stopping sperm from reaching an ovum
Thins lining of uterus, preventing implantation and can prevent ovulation

Question 16

Progesterone pill advantages

Answer 16

Can be used whilst breastfeeding
Can be used at any age
Useful if you’re unable to take oestrogen

Question 17

Disadvantage of progesterone pill

Answer 17

May not have regular periods while taking it
Doesn’t protect against STIs
Must remember to take it around the same time every day

Question 18

How does IUS work

Answer 18

Hormonal
Inserted into uterus
Thickens mucus from cervix, stopping sperm from reaching an ovum
Thins lining of uterus, preventing implantation and can prevent ovulation

Question 19

Advantage of IUS

Answer 19

Works for 3-5 years usually
One of most effective contraception in uk
Not affected by other medicine
Possible to get pregnant as soon as removed

Question 20

Disadvantage of IUS

Answer 20

Periods become regular or stop immediately
Doesn’t protect against STIs
If you get infected you may get pelvic infection if not treated