B5 - Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are enzymes located? [1]

A

Inside cells

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2
Q

What are enzymes? [3]

A

Proteins that are involved in all metabolic reactions, where they function as biological catalysts

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3
Q

Enzymes have a particular _____ [1]

A

Shape

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4
Q

What is the special region in an enzyme called? [1]

A

Active site

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5
Q

What does an active site have? [2]

A

Specific shape that fits with other molecules

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6
Q

Where does the chemical reaction take place in an enzyme? [1]

A

Active site

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7
Q

What is the molecule(s) that fit into the active site called? [1]

A

Substrate

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8
Q

What is a catalyst? [2]

A

A substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up

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9
Q

What is a substrate? [2]

A

A substance acted on by an enzyme. The substrate molecules become product molecules

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10
Q

What is an enzyme-substrate complex? [2]

A

When a substrate molecule fits into the active site

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11
Q

What does the lock in a lock and key model represent? [1]

A

Enzyme

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12
Q

What does the screw represent in a screwdriver and screw model? [1]

A

Substrate

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13
Q

What must happen for an enzyme to work? [2]

A
  1. come into physical contact with its substrate
  2. have an active site which fits the substrate
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14
Q

What does increasing temperature increase? [1]

A

Kinetic energy of the molecules

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15
Q

What is an optimum temperature? [2]

A

When the rate of reaction is highest

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16
Q

What does the temperature rise cause amino acids to do? [1]

A

It causes the amino acid chains in the protein to unravel

17
Q

What does the temperature rise result in? [1]

A

The active site changing shape

18
Q

Why does the rate of reaction decrease after the active site changes shape? [1]

A

The substrate can no longer bind

19
Q

When does the reaction stop? [1]

A

When all the enzymes are denatured

20
Q

Is enzymes being denatured permanent or temporary? [1]

A

Permanent

21
Q

What is pH the measure of? [1]

A

acidity

22
Q

pH 2 is very ______ and is found in the _______ [2]

A
  • acidic
  • stomach
23
Q

pH 7 is _______ and is found in the _____ [2]

A
  • neutral
  • mouth
24
Q

What is the saliva enzyme? [1]

A

Amylase

25
Q

What does each enzyme have its own of? [1]

A

Optimum pH

26
Q

What happens to the enzyme if the pH is above or below the optimum pH? [2]

A
  • enzyme is denatured
  • active site changes shape
27
Q

What type of reactions do enzymes speed up? [2]

A
  1. break up larger molecules to smaller ones
  2. put smaller molecules to make bigger molecules
28
Q

What does an increased kinetic energy in molecules mean? [2]

A
  • molecules move around more rapidly
  • they collide more
29
Q

pH 9 is ________ and is found in the _____ _________ [2]

A
  • alkaline
  • small intestine
30
Q

An active site is _____________ to it’s substrate [1]

A

complementary

31
Q

What happens to the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction when the temperature increases? [1]

A

INCREASES