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Flashcards in B7.2 Deck (15)
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1
Q
  1. What is meant by a double circulatory system?
A
  • two circuits joined together
  • right: pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs to get oxygen, then returns to the heart
  • left: pumps oxygenated blood round the body to body cells then deoxygenated blood returns back to heart
2
Q
  1. What does blood do?
A

-blood carries glucose molecules and oxygen to the muscles, and waste products such as carbon dioxide away from muscles

3
Q
  1. What are the components of the blood and their functions?
A
  • red blood cells – transport oxygen
  • white blood cells – fighting infections
  • platelets – blood clotting at injury sites
  • plasma – transporting nutrients (e.g. glucose and amino acids), antibodies, hormones and waste (carbon dioxide and urea)
4
Q
  1. How are red blood cells adapted to their function?
A
  • packed with haemoglobin (to bind oxygen)
  • no nucleus (more space for haemoglobin)
  • biconcave shape (increased surface area for oxygen exchange)
5
Q
  1. What are the main structures and blood vessels of the heart?
A

Left and right atria and ventricles, vena cava, aorta, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery, coronary arteries and valves

6
Q
  1. What is the function of the (2) CORNARY ARTERIES?
A

-supply heart muscle cells with blood

7
Q
  1. What is the function of the VALVES?
A

-in heart and veins to prevent the backflow of blood

8
Q
  1. What are the properties of the different ventricles and atria?
A
  • left ventricles thicker than the right: has to pump blood all the way round body, not just to lungs
  • atria have thinner walls than ventricles: only have to pump blood to ventricles
9
Q
  1. What are capillaries?
A
  • tiny blood vessels that branch from arteries

- they have permeable walls so substances can diffuse through

10
Q
  1. What are capillary beds?
A

-networks of capillaries in tissue

11
Q
  1. What happens when blood passes through capillary beds?
A
  • small molecules e.g. water, glucose, oxygen are forced out the capillaries to form tissue fluid that surrounds the cells
  • waste chemicals e.g. carbon dioxide and urea diffuse from cells to tissue fluid to capillaries
12
Q
  1. What is the purpose of tissue fluid?
A

-it allows cells to get substances they need and get rid of waste without a capillary supplying every cell

13
Q
  1. What are examples of waste products in cells?
A

-carbon dioxide, urea

14
Q
  1. What does tissue fluid do (definition)?
A

-tissue fluid is formed in capillary beds and that it assists the exchange of chemicals by diffusion between capillaries and tissues, to include oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose and urea

15
Q
  1. What is the flow of the heart?
A

Body → vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → body