B8 W2

Question 1

What happens to blood vessels during stroke?

Answer 1

They become blocked due to a clot or burst due to hypertension- this occurs in the brain

Question 2

Why are vasodilators not reccommended after stroke?

Answer 2

Causes sudden drop in BP

Question 3

What is cGMP pathways involved in?

Answer 3

Vasodilation of the blood vessels in the body and lungs. It is broken down by phosphodiesterase enzyme

Question 4

External os

Answer 4

Part of the cervical canal that communicates with vagina

Question 5

Internal os

Answer 5

Part of the cervical canal that connects to the uterine body

Question 6

Fundus

Answer 6

Rounded portion of uterus with peritoneum draped over

Question 7

Male mesonephric duct gives rise to..

Answer 7

Wolffian duct which has ductus deferens and epididymis

Question 8

Collecting tubules of mesonephric duct becomes…

Answer 8

Epipdidyis

Question 9

Uterus formation

Answer 9

Paramesonephric duct meet in the midline and fuse, and the wall degrades

Question 10

Paramesonephric duct

Answer 10

Forms proximal 1/3 of vagina, uterus and oviducts/uterine tube

Question 11

Distal 1/3 of vagina

Answer 11

Urogenital sinus

Question 12

Proximal 1/3 of vagina

Answer 12

Paramesonephric duct

Question 13

Vaginal canal

Answer 13

Sinuvaginal bulb

Question 14

What provides nerves and blood vessels to the uterus?

Answer 14

Peritoneum which acts as mesentery of uterus and drapes over it

Question 15

Ectopic pregnanacy

Answer 15

Pregnancy outside the uterus in the peritoneal lining that can cause haemorrhage.

Question 16

Remnant of gubernaculum in females

Answer 16

Round ligament- connects the female gonad to labia majora

Question 17

Remnant of gubernaculum in males?

Answer 17

Connects the testes to the scrotum and inguinal canal

Question 18

Outermost layer of uterus

Answer 18

Perimetrium- it is a layer of peritoneum?

Question 19

Innermost layer of uterus

Answer 19

Endometrium- contains stratum basale and stratum functionale

Question 20

Middle layer of uterus

Answer 20

Myometrium- contains uterine artery and branches.

Question 21

Spiral artery

Answer 21

Branch of uterine artery which supplies blood to the starcum functionale of the endometrium

Question 22

Which layer of uterus changes during menstruation?

Answer 22

Endometrium

Question 23

What layer of the endometrium dies not change during mentrual cycle?

Answer 23

Stratum basale

Question 24

Cervix

Answer 24

Cinnection between uterus and vagina. Has change in histology from simple columnar epithelia to stratified squamous non keratinising

Question 25

Fornix

Answer 25

Recess in upper vagina when the cervix protrudes into vaginal wall. Posteriorly, it is close to the recto-uterine pouch

Question 26

Blood supply to non-gonadal structures

Answer 26

->Internal iliac artery internal pudendal artery for blood supply to external female genitalia uterine artery -> spiral artery vaginal artery

Question 27

Internal pudendal artery

Answer 27

Provides blood to external female genitalia

Question 28

Roof of perineum

Answer 28

Pelvic diaphragm

Question 29

Ischioanal fossa

Answer 29

Space between pelvic diaphragm and perineal membrane filled with fat

Question 30

Perineal body

Answer 30

Tendinous tissue in midline of perineum. Muscles can insert

Question 31

Perineal pouch

Answer 31

Potential space between perineal membrane. Superior is close to the skin and inferior

Question 32

Pair of erectile female tissue

Answer 32

Vestibular glands. Located at opening vagina below bulbs of vestibule which lubricate vaginal surface for intercourse

Question 33

Pudendal vein drains into....

Answer 33

Vesicle plexus, venous plexus around urinary bladder

Question 34

UK Medical Eligibility criteria

Answer 34

Guidelines for contraceptives

Question 35

Ovarian cycle

Answer 35

Follicular phase, ovulation and luteal phase

Question 36

Menstrual cycle

Answer 36

Menstruation, proliferative and secretory

Question 37

Mean survival of sperm

Answer 37

1.47

Question 38

Indicators of fertility used in fertility awareness methhod of contraceptions

Answer 38

Temperature, cervical secretions, calender, stanard days method

Question 39

Lactational amenorrhea method

Answer 39

Amenorrhoea, fully breast feeding, less than 6/12 post partum

Question 40

Combined hormonal contracpetion action

Answer 40

Inhibits ovulation and reduce LH and FSH. It alters cervical mucus and endometrium

Question 41

What are the prinicples of use of combined hromonal contracpetives?

Answer 41

Use for 7 days, then 7 day free bleed

Question 42

Risk of antibiotics with combined hormonal contracpetion?

Answer 42

Cause diarrhoea, vomiting and may cause loss of pregnancy

Question 43

Liver enzyme inducers

Answer 43

Anti-epileptics, antibacterial, anti-depressant such as St John;s worts and anti-retroviral

Question 44

Advantages of combined hromonal contraception

Answer 44

Regulates menstruation, reduces heavy bleeding. Reduces risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer.

Question 45

Disadvantage of combined hormonal contraception

Answer 45

Increases thromboembolism, increases stroke, breast cancer and cervical cancer

Question 46

Cautions for progesterone contraception

Answer 46

Unexplained vaginal bleeding, CVD and breast cancer

Question 47

Desogestrel

Answer 47

Progesterone pills-Increases volume and viscosity of cervical mucus Causes anovulatory cycles