What is an ion?
A charged particle. Formed by either gaining or losing electrons.
What is a cation?
A positive ion
What is an anion?
A negative ion
What is an isotope?
An element with the same number of protons but a different number of neurons. Some isotopes are radioactive.
An acid reacts with a base to form what?
A salt and water
What ph is an acid?
Below 7
What ph is an alkaline?
Above 7
Based that are soluble in water are called what?
Alkalis
E.g sodium and potassium hydroxide
What happens when an acid is placed in water?
Hydrogen protons are released.
Strong acids ionise completely. Weak acids partially
What is valency?
An atoms bonding or combibging power.
What is the valency of carbon?
4
What is the valency of hydrogen?
1
What is covalent bonding?
Where electrons are shared between atoms. These bonds are stronger than ionic bonds.
What are ionic bonds?
Where electrons are donated from one atom to another.
What is dissociation?
When an ionic compound is placed in water. The ions separate being surrounded by a ‘shell’ of water keeping ions apart.