Bacterial Infections of Blood and Vasculature Flashcards Preview

Micro2 Unit 2 > Bacterial Infections of Blood and Vasculature > Flashcards

Flashcards in Bacterial Infections of Blood and Vasculature Deck (27)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

what type of bacteria are borrelia?

A

spirochetes

2
Q

what is the difference in appearance between treponema and borrelia?

A

borrelia are large enough to see with standard microscopy

3
Q

what organism causes lime disease? what is its vector?

A

b burgdorferi

vectored by deer ticks

4
Q

what is the downside of serology testing for b burgdorferi?

A

serology can confirm exposure but not disease and not promptly after infection?

5
Q

how much time does lyme take to transmit from the vector?

A

24 hours

6
Q

what are the three stages of lyme disease?

A

1) flu like with erythema migrans rash
2) musculoskeletal and/or neurologic symptoms
3) additional neurologic symptoms and arthralgias

7
Q

what is post lyme syndrome? what is it caused by?

A

lingering fatigue, joint pain and mental status changes. caused by damage, not lingering bacteria

8
Q

how is lyme disease treated?

A

with amoxicillin or doxycycline. give ceftriaxone if in child or pregnant woman. treat for 10-30 days only

9
Q

what vectors carry relapsing fever bacteria?

A

louse or tick borne.

louse are more severe but tick borne are most likely seen in the US

10
Q

what is relapsing fever?

A

high fevers with well periods in between.

11
Q

what two pathogens cause relapsing fever?

A

borrelia recurrentis (louse) and hermsii (soft ticks)

12
Q

what is the lifecycle of relapsing fever in the human body?

A

immediately enters the blood stream from the bite site. there is repeated rounds of bacteremia and clean up by neutralizing antibodies

13
Q

why can’t the immune system immediately terminate relapsing fever?

A

because there is antigenic variation by the spirochetes

14
Q

how is relapsing fever diagnosed?

A

by peripheral blood smear during febrile periods

15
Q

how is relapsing fevers treated?

A

with tetracyclines (doxycycline)

16
Q

how are relapsing fever and lyme disease avoided?

A

use protective clothing and deet. perform daily tick checks in at risk areas during the tick seasons

17
Q

what is the Jarisch Herxheimer reaction?

A

a reaction following the successful treatment of any spirochete infection. It is an endotoxin response resembling septicemia

18
Q

how are Rickettsia, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma transmitted? what shape are they?

A

transmitted through arthropod vectors

they are small cocci to short rods

19
Q

how are reckettsia, ehrlichia and anaplasma treated?

A

with tetracycline (doxycycline)

20
Q

what is a nuance of the life cycle of the rickettsia, erlichia and anaplasma?

A

they are obligate intracellular parasites that can only be grown in vitro in tissue culture

21
Q

how do the rickettsiae diseases present?

A

headache, fever and body aches. may also cause a rash or eschar

22
Q

what is the proper removal of a tick?

A

should be done with tweezers while wearing gloves. done promptly because bacteria take time to transmit

23
Q

what rickettsial disease has humans as the proper host? how does this differ from others?

A

epidemic typhus

other rickettsial diseases are accidental transmissions to humans by vectors

24
Q

where do rickettsia divide?

A

throughout the cell

25
Q

where do ehrlichia and anaplasma divide?

A

they form morulae in phagocytic vacuoles

26
Q

how are rickettsial bacteria identified?

A

all are difficult to stain and require microimmunofluorescent assay to visualize

27
Q

what treatment is used for rickettsial illnesses?

A

tetracyclines used for adults and children, but not for pregnant women. alternately treated with chloramphenicol (rickettsia) or fluoroquinolones (ehrlichia and anaplasma)