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Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Amine autacoids

A

Histamine
Serotonin

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2
Q

Lipid autacoids

A

Eicosanoids - Prostanglandins, Leukotrienes, Lipoxins

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3
Q

Peptide autacoids

A

Angiotensin
urotensin
endothelin
natriuretic peptide
bradykinin

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4
Q

gas autacoid

A

nitrous oxide

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5
Q

which 2nd gen antihistaminic crosses BBB

A

Cetirizine
has sedative action

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6
Q

least sedative 1st gen antihistaminic which can be given during daytime

A

Chlorpheniramine

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7
Q

H1 partial agonist

A

Betahistine
brand name: Vertin
used in treatment of vertigo in benign positional vertigo and meniere’s disease

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8
Q

highly sedative 1st gen antihistaminics

A
  1. Promethazine (max sedation, LA, anticholinergic)
  2. Diphenhydramine (transdermal patch for motion sickness)
  3. Doxepin (also TCA)
  4. Doxylamine along with vitamin B6 (safest in pregnancy, DOC for morning sickness)
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9
Q

moderately sedative 1st gen antihistaminics

A
  1. Cyclizine, Meclizine (most effective for sea sickness)
  2. Cinnarizine (also blocks calcium channel on vestibular nerves)
  3. Cyproheptadine (antihistaminic plus antiserotonin - treatment of serotonin syndrome)
  4. Pheniramine (avil): cough syrup
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10
Q

least sedative 1st gen antihistaminics

A
  1. Chlorpheniramine
  2. Clemastine
  3. Tirolidine
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11
Q

least sedative 1st gen antihistaminics

A
  1. Chlorpheniramine
  2. Clemastine
  3. Tirolidine
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12
Q

2nd gen antihistaminic

A
  1. Terfinadine, Astemizole (banned) _ CYP3A4 inhibitor, when combined with Erythromycin or Ketoconazole, Torsades de pointes
  2. Fexofenadine - active Terfinadine
  3. Cetirizine (new- Levocetirizine)
  4. Loratidine - most potent
  5. Rupatidine - PAF inhibitor
  6. Ebastine, Acrivastine, Bilastine
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13
Q

Mast cell stabilizer

A

Ketotifen
Olopatidine

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14
Q

Topical antihistaminic

A

Azelastine
Levocarbastine
Olopatidine
Ketotifen
Alcaftadine

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15
Q

H2 blockers

A
  1. Cimetidine
  2. Ranitidine
  3. Famotidine - only non competitive blocker
  4. Roxatidine
  5. Nizatidine
  6. Lafutidine
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16
Q

H3 inverse agonist

A

Tiprolisant/ Pitolisant for narcolepsy or daytime sleepiness (DOC- Modafinil)

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17
Q

Tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor

A

Telotristat for treatment of diarrhoea in carcinoid syndrome

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18
Q

5HT1

A

5HT 1A - Buspirone, Gepirone - anti anxiety drug

5HT 1B/1D- Triptans, Erogotamine - DOC - acute migraine

5HT 1F- Lasmitidan - acute migraine

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19
Q

Triptans

A

Sumatriptan - DOC for acute attack of migraine
Eletriptan- most effective
Rizatriptan- rapid or fastest
Frovatriptan- longest
Almotriptan
Naratriptan - max oral
Zolmitriptan

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20
Q

Triptans as nasal spray

A

Sumatriptan
Zolmitriptan

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21
Q

dopamine agonist ergots

A

Bromocriptine
Pergolide
Cabergoline

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22
Q

Serotonin agonist ergots

A

Erogotamine
Dihydroxyergotamine
Methysergide

23
Q

Oxytocin agonist ergots

A

Ergometrine/Ergonovine
Dihydrergometrine
Methyl ergometrine/Methergin

24
Q

Miscellaneous ergots

A

Ergotoxine
LSD/ Ly Sergic Diethylamide

25
Drugs causing pulmonary fibrosis
Bleomycin Amiodarone Doxycycline Nitrofurantoin Ergots Sulfonamides Talc
26
acute migraine attack
unilateral pulsatile headache mild headache- NSAIDs (Paracetamol, Aspirin, Indomethacin, Nefopam) + caffeine moderate to severe headache - Triptans > erogotamine if triptans are contraindicated, opioids (iv morphine or pethidine, nasal spray of butarphanol) aura antiemetics (domperidone, methoclopramide) Antipsychotics( Chlorpromazine, Prochlorperazine)
27
Prophylaxis in chronic migraine
1. beta blockers - Propranolol 2. antiepileptics - valproate, topiramate, gabapentin 3. calcium channel blockers- flunarizine, verapamil 4. TCA- antitryptilene, nortriptyline 5. antiserotonin - cyproheptadine, ketanserin, methysergide 6. mao inhibitor - phenelzine off label use- petasite plant, Clonidine, botulinum toxin new drug- cgrp 2 inhibitor
28
cgrp 2 inhibitor
oral 1. rimegepant 2. atogepant 3. olcegepant 4. zavegepant mab against gcrp2(inj) 1. erenumab 2. eptinezumab 3. galcanezumab 4. fremanezumab
29
5HT2
5HT 2C agonist - Lorcaserin 5HT 2A/B/C antagonist - Olanzapine, Clozapine 5HT2 to 4 antagonist - Cyproheptadine, Ketanserin, Methysergide
30
5HT3 antagonists
antimotility in GIT - alosetron for treatment of diarrhoea in IBS antiemetics in CTZ -doc for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, radiotherapy induced nausea vomiting, gastroenteritis - Ondesetron (emset), Granisetron, Tropisetron, Ramosetron, Palonosetron (longest, most potent)
31
antiemetics
1. motion sickness - antimuscarinic (hyoscine), antihistaminic (diphenhydramine, promethazine) - not effective in CINV RINV gastroenteritis 2. CINV, RINV, gastroenteritis - 5HT3 antagonist, D2 antagonist, NK1 antagonist , CB1 agonist - not effective in motion sickness
32
CINV
1. doc - setrons - Ondesetron, Granisetron, Palonosetron - only effective upto 24 hrs 2. Pitants - block NK1 - Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant, Netupitant, Rolapitant 3. D2 antagonist - Domperidone, Methoclopramide 4. CB1 agonist - Nabilone, Dronabinol 5. Dexamethasone (glucocorticoid)
33
setron effective in delayed phase also
Palonosetron
34
setron effective in delayed phase also
Palonosetron
35
antiemetic which stimulates appetite
Nabilone Dronabinol
36
CB1 inverse agonist
Rimonabant (supresses appetite - antiobesity drug) banned- suicidal thought
37
THT4 antagonist
Cisapride - banned Mosapride Tegaserod - banned Renzapride Itopride Prucalopride
38
Prokinetics
1. contract LES - treatment of GERD and to prevent aspiration into lung 2. increase gastric motility - used in gastroparesis 3. increase intestinal motility - used in constipation
39
Prokinetics list
1. 5HT4 agonist - Mosapride, Itopride, Prucalopride 2. D2 antagonist - Domperidone 3. Anticholinesterase - Neostigmine 4. All above action - Methoclopramide
40
which antiemetic can cause Parkinson and hyperprolactinemia
Methoclopramide
41
which antibiotic has prokinetic action
Erythromycin (stimulates motilin receptor)
42
inhibit Phospholipase A2
corticosteroid
43
inhibit COX enzyme
NSAID
44
inhibit LOX enzyme
Zileuton
45
dual COX and LOX inhibitor
Licofelone - treatment of osteoarthritis
46
inhibitor of PAF
Apafant Lexipafant Modipafant treatment of acute pancreatitis
47
PGE1 (synthetic form)
1. Gemeprost (vaginal) - MTP 2. Lubiprostone (oral) - chloride secretor used in constipation in IBS 3. Alprostadil(iv) - vasodilator - erectile dysfunction (cavernosal inj), open ductus arteriosus, critical limb ischemia 4. Misoprostol - MTP upto 63 days/1st trimester (sublingual/vaginal) , treatment of NSAID induced peptic ulcer (oral) SE- diarrhoea, teratogenic (mobius syndrome)
48
MTP/ Medical abortion
PGE1 - Misoprostol, Gemeprost (1st trimester) PGE2 - Dinoprostone (2nd) PGF2alpha - Dinoprost, Carboprost (2nd) antiprogestin - Mifepristone antifolate - Methotrexate (no longer used for MTP as it causes incomplete abortion)
49
MTP guidelines in India
day 1- Mifepristone 200 mg oral (kills fetus) day 3- Misoprostol (expels fetus) upto 49 days of gestation (400 microgram orally or vaginally) upto 63 days of gestation (800 microgram sublingual or vaginally)
50
PGE2
Dinoprostone DOC for cervical ripening (dilated) - vaginally MTP (2nd trimester) SE- osteoporosis
51
PGF 2 alpha
Dinoprost - MTP 2nd trimester - iv or intraamniotic Carboprost - MTP 2nd trimester (im inj) and controls post partum haemorrhage (im) SE-asthma Latanoprost, Bimatoprost, Travoprost, Tafluprost - topical eye drops used as DOC for glaucoma
52
PGI2/prostacyclin
Treprostinil Iloprost Epoprostinol iv Doc for pulmonary artery hypertension antiplatelet during hemodialysis
53
TXA2
physiological antagonist of PGI2

Autacoids (4 decks)

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