Basics of Orthopaedics Flashcards
Define allograft bone?
Bone from human donor other than patient
Define reduction?
Maneuver to restore proper alignment to fracture or joint
Define closed reduction?
Reduction done without surgery
e.g., casts, splints
Define open reduction?
Surgical reduction
Define fixation?
Stabilization of a fracture after reduction by means of surgical placement of
hardware that can be external or internal
e.g., pins, plates, screws
What is a tibial pin?
Pin placed in the tibia for treating femur or pelvic fractures by applying skeletal traction
What is an unstable fracture or dislocation?
Fracture or dislocation in which further deformation will occur if reduction is not performed
What is varus deformity?
Extremity abnormality with apex of defect pointed away from midline
e.g. genu varum = bowlegged
Note: with valgus, this term can also be used to describe fracture displacement
(Think: knees are very varied apart)
What is a valgus deformity?
Extremity abnormality with apex of defect pointed toward the midline
e.g. genu valgus = knock-kneed
What is a dislocation?
Total loss of congruity (no part of the articular surfaces of the bones contributing to the joint are touching each other) and contact between articular surfaces of a joint
What is subluxation?
Loss of congruity between articular surfaces of a joint; articular contact remains
What is arthroplasty?
total joint replacement
What is arthrodesis?
Joint fusion with removal of articular surfaces
What is an osteotomy?
Cutting bone (usually wedge resection) to help realigning of joint surfaces
What is non-union?
Failure of fractured bone ends to fuse
Define diaphysis?
main shaft of long bone
What is metaphysis?
flared end of long bone
What is physis?
Growth plate, found only in immature bone
What is an epiphysis?
the end of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft
Define extremity examination in fractured extremities?
- Observe entire extremity
e.g. open, angulation, joint disruption - Neurologic
e.g. sensation, movement - Vascular
e.g. pulses, cap refill
Which x-rays should be obtained?
Two views (also joint above and below fracture)
1. full front view
2. lateral view
How are fractures described?
- Skin status
- open or closed - Bone
by thirds: proximal/middle/distal - Pattern of fracture
e.g. comminuted - Alignment
- displacement, angulation, malrotation, shortening
How do you define the degree of angulation, displacement, or both?
Define lateral/medial/anterior/posterior displacement and angulation of the distal fragment(s) in relation to the proximal bone
What is an open fracture?
Wound overlying fracture, through which fracture fragments are in continuity with outside environment; high risk of infection
