Behavioral Sciences Chapter 5: Motivation, Emotion and Stress Flashcards Preview

MCAT Behavioral Sciences > Behavioral Sciences Chapter 5: Motivation, Emotion and Stress > Flashcards

Flashcards in Behavioral Sciences Chapter 5: Motivation, Emotion and Stress Deck (26)
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1
Q

Motivation

A

The purpose or driving force behind our actions

2
Q

What are the two types of motivation?

A
extrinsic = based on external circumstances 
intrinsic = based on internal drive or perception
3
Q

Instincts

A

innate, fixed patterns of behavior in response to stimuli.

4
Q

What is the instinct theory of motivation?

A

People perform certain behaviors because of these evolutionarily programmed instincts

5
Q

What is the arousal theory?

A

people perform actions to maintain arousal, the state of being awake and reactive to stimuli at an optimal level.

6
Q

What is the Yerkes-Dodson law?

A

Shows that performance is optimal at a medium level of arousal.

7
Q

What are drives?

A

Drives are internal states of tension that beget particular behaviors focused on goals. Primary drives are related to bodily processes, secondary drive from learning, including accomplishments and emotions.

8
Q

What is drive reduction theory?

A

Says that motivation arises from the desire to eliminate drives, which create uncomfortable internal states

9
Q

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

Prioritizes needs into 5 categories, the lowest being the highest priority — physiological needs, safety and security, love and belonging, self-esteem and self-actualization.

10
Q

What is the incentive theory?

A

Explains motivation as the desire to pursue rewards and avoid punishments.

11
Q

What is the expectancy-value theory?

A

Amount of motivation for a task is based on the individual’s expectation of success and the amount that success is valued

12
Q

What is the opponent-process theory?

A

explains that motivation for drug use – as drug use increases, the body counteracts its effects, leading to tolerance and uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms.

13
Q

What is sexual motivation related to?

A

hormones and cultural and social factors

14
Q

What is emotion?

A

A state of mind, feeling that is subjectively experienced based on circumstances, mood and relationships.

15
Q

What are the three components of emotion?

A

Cognitive (subjective), Behavioral (facial expressions and body language), & physiological (changes in the sympathetic nervous system)

16
Q

What are the seven universal emotions?

A

happiness, sadness, contempt, surprise, fear, disgust and anger.

17
Q

What are the 3 theories of emotion?

A
James-Lange = nervous system arousal leads to cognitive response in which emotion is labeled
Cannon-Bard = simultaneous arousal of the nervous system and cognitive response lead to action 
Schacter-Singer = nervous system arousal and interpretaion of context lead to a cognitive response.
18
Q

What is the primary nervous system component involved in emotion?

A

limbic system

19
Q

How is the amygdala involved in emotion?

A

attention and fear - helps interrupt facial expressions and is part of the intrinsic memory system for emotional memory.

20
Q

How is the thalamus involved in emotion?

A

Sensory processing station

21
Q

How is the hypothalamus involved in emotion?

A

releases neurotransmitters that affect mood and arousal.

22
Q

How is the hippocampus involved in emotion?

A

Creates long-term explicit memories

23
Q

How is the prefrontal cortex involved in emotion?

A

planning, expressing personality and making decisions
ventral = experiencing emotion
ventromedial = controlling emotional responses from the amygdala decision-making

24
Q

What is stress?

A

physiological and cognitive response to challenges or life changes is defined as stress

25
Q

What are the two stages of stress?

A

Primary appraisal = classifying a potential stressor as irrelevant, benign-positive or stressful
Secondary appraisal = directed at a evaluating if the organism can cope with the stress, based on harm, threat and challenge

26
Q

What are the three stages of general adaptation syndrome?

A

Alarm, resistance and exhaustion