Bilary Tract

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

What is the bilary tract composed of?

Answer 2

The liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts

Question 3

What are the functions of the bilary tract?

Answer 3

• To form bile
• To drain the waste products from the liver into the duodenum

Question 4

What is bile?

Answer 4

A secretion that aids in the digestion of fats and elimination of waste from red blood cells

Question 5

What is the largest gland in the body?

Answer 5

Liver

Question 6

The deepest part of the liver is the ______ just above the _____

Answer 6

The deepest part of the liver is the INFERIOR ASPECT just above the RIGHT KIDNEY

Question 7

Almost all of the _______ and a large part of the ______ are occupied by the liver.

Answer 7

Almost all of the RIGHT HYPOCHONDRIUM and a large part of the EPIGASTRIUM are occupied by the liver.

Question 8

The liver is divided into a large ____ lobe and a much smaller ____ lobe.

There are 2 minor lobes and they are located….

Answer 8

The liver is divided into a large RIGHT lobe and a much smaller LEFT lobe.

There are 2 minor lobes and they are located ON THE MEDIAL SIDE OF RIGHT LOBE. CAUDATE LOBE ON POSTERIOR SURFACE AND QUADRATE LOBE ON INFERIOR SURFACE

Question 9

What is the hilum of the liver called and where is it situated?

Answer 9

Porta hepatis - situated transversely between the 2 minor lobes

Question 10

What do the portal vein and hepatic artery do?

Answer 10

Convey blood to the liver

Question 11

In addition to the usual arterial blood supply, where does the liver recieve blood from?

Answer 11

The portal system

Question 12

At what rate does the liver gland secrete bile each day?

Answer 12

1 to 3 pints (1/2 to 1.5L) each day

Question 13

Liver

• the _____ gland in the body is the ____
• main function is to ____, a secretion which aids in the ______ of ____ and the elimination of ____ from _____
• _____ is collected from ____ cells and is either carried to the ____ for temporary ____ or poured directly into the _____ to help with ____

Answer 13

Liver

• the LARGEST gland in the body is the LIVER
• main function is to FORM BILE, a secretion which aids in the DIGESTION of FATS and the elimination of WASTE from RED BLOOD CELLS
• BILE is collected from LIVER cells and is either carried to the GALLBLADDER for temporary STORAGE or poured directly into the DUODENUM to help with DIGESTION

Question 14

Gallbladder

• a ___-shaped sac with ___ walls that functions to ___ bile during ____ periods and then _____ the bile by _____ of its ____ during ____

Answer 14

Gallbladder

• a PEAR-shaped sac with THIN walls that functions to STORE bile during REST periods and then EVACUATES the bile by CONTRACTION of its MUSCLES during DIGESTION

Question 15

What 3 ducts make up the bile ducts?

Answer 15

1. Common Hepatic Duct
2. Cystic Duct
3. Common Bile Duct

Question 16

What does the common hepatic duct do?

Answer 16

Carries bile coming from the liver via right and left hepatic ducts

Question 17

What does the cystic duct do?

Answer 17

Carries bile into and out of the gallbladder

Question 18

Where is the common bile duct located and where does it eventually go?

Answer 18

Located where the hepatic and cystic ducts join together - eventually dumps into the hepatopancreatic ampulla or the ampulla of vater

Question 19

What is the ampulla of vater and what is it controlled by?

Answer 19

• Space where common bile duct and pancreatic duct join
• Controlled by a circular muscle called the sphincter of Oddi which relaxes during digestion to allow bile to flow into duodenum

Question 20

Define the following pathological conditions:

• bilary stenosis
• cholecystitis
• cholelithiasis

Answer 20

• bilary stenosis - NARROWING OF THE BILE DUCTS
• cholecystitis - ACUTE OR CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF GALLBLADDER
• cholelithiasis - PRESENCE OF GALLSTONES

Question 21

Operative Cholangiogram

This procedure is carried out during _____ surgery. It is used to investigate the _____ (openness) of the _____ and to reveal the presence of ____ (stones) that cannot be detected by ____. After exposing, draining, and exploring the _____, the surgeon injects the _____ through a needle or catheter and uses ____ to watch the ____ injection in real time to ____ the _____

Answer 21

Operative Cholangiogram

This procedure is carried out during BILARY TRACT surgery. It is used to investigate the PATENCY (openness) of the BILE DUCTS and to reveal the presence of CALCULI (stones) that cannot be detected by PALPATION. After exposing, draining, and exploring the BILARY TRACT, the surgeon injects the CONTRAST through a needle or catheter and uses FLUOROSCOPY to watch the CONTRAST injection in real time to EVALUATE the BILARY TRACT

Question 22

T-Tube Cholangiogram

This procedure is an examination of the ____ that is performed after surgery by way of a ___-shaped tube left in the ____ bile duct for postoperative _____. This examination is performed to demonstrate the ____ of the _____ and the presence of residual or previously undetected ____. The _____ tube is ____ the day before the exam to let the tube fill with ____as a preventative measure against ____ entering the ____, where they would simulate ____. The radiologist injects _____ contrast into the ____ under _____ and watches the filling of the ___.

Answer 22

T-Tube Cholangiogram

• This procedure is an examination of the BILARY TRACT that is performed after surgery by way of a T-shaped tube left in the COMMON bile duct for postoperative DRAINAGE. This examination is performed to demonstrate the PATENCY of the DUCTS and the presence of residual or previously undetected STONES. The DRAINAGE tube is CLAMPED the day before the exam to let the tube fill with BILE as a preventative measure against AIR BUBBLES entering the DUCTS, where they would simulate STONES. The radiologist injects WATER-SOLUABLE contrast into the T-TUBE under FLUOROSCOPY and watches the filling of the DUCTS.

Question 23

Endoscopic Retrograde CholangioPancreatography (ERCP)

An ERCP procedure is used to diagnose ____ and ____ pathological conditions and is performed by passing a _________ through the ____ into the ______. After the physician locates the _______, a small cannula is passed through the _____ and ____ is injected through this cannula into the _____ duct under ____. This procedure can aid in locating _____or diagnosing other _____within the _____.

Answer 23

Endoscopic Retrograde CholangioPancreatography (ERCP)

An ERCP procedure is used to diagnose BILARY and PANCREATIC pathological conditions and is performed by passing a FIBEROPTIC ENDOSCOPE through the MOUTH into the DUODENUM. After the physician locates the AMPULLA OF VATER, a small cannula is passed through the ENDOSCOPE and CONTRAST is injected through this cannula into the COMMON BILE duct under FLUOROSCOPY. This procedure can aid in locating GALLSTONES or diagnosing other ABNORMALITIES within the BILARY TRACT.