Biliary Secretion

Question 1

Where is bile formed?

Answer 1

In the liver

Question 2

What is bile excreted through?

Answer 2

The bile ductules

Question 3

What opens into bile ductules forming bile duct?

Answer 3

Bile canaliculi

Question 4

How is common hepatic duct formed?

Answer 4

The right and left hepatic ducts join

Question 5

What is gall bladder?

Answer 5

A sac-like structure adhering to the liver, which has a cystic duct that leads directly into the common bile duct.

Question 6

What does the cystic duct combine with?

Answer 6

Hepatic duct to form common bile duct which combines with pancreatic duct and opens to second part of duodenum through sphincter of oddi

Question 7

How much of bile is secreted daily?

Answer 7

0.5 to I liter

Question 8

Why is bile greenish yellow?

Answer 8

Due to presence of glucuronides of bile pigment ( bilirubin and biliverdin)

Question 9

What is the pH of bile?

Answer 9

Hepatic bile →8
Bile secreted from gall bladder → acidic

Question 10

What is the difference between hepatic bile and gall bladder bile?

Answer 10

Bile is concentrated and acidified in gall bladder

Question 11

What is the major mechanism for concentration of bile?

Answer 11

Water absorption

Question 12

What are bile acids?

Answer 12

Derivatives of cholesterol synthesized in the hepatocyte

Question 13

What are the primary bile acids and where are they formed?

Answer 13

Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid
Formed in the hepatocytes

Question 14

What are the secondary bile acids and where are they formed?

Answer 14

Deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid
Produced in the intestine where intestinal bacteria convert primary bile acids into secondary

Question 15

What are the bile salts?

Answer 15

Na+ and K+ salts of bile acids

Question 16

What are bile acids conjugated with?

Answer 16

Taurine or glycine to form taurocholic and or glycocholic acid

Question 17

What is meant by bile salts are amphipathic?

Answer 17

Hydrophobic region → cholesterol
Polar region → amino acids

Question 18

What stimulates secretion of cholecystokinin and secretin?

Answer 18

When chyme from an ingested meal enters the small intestine, acid and partially digested fats and proteins

Question 19

What is the function of secretin?

Answer 19

Stimulates biliary duct cells to secrete bicarbonate and water, which expands the volume of bile and increases its flow out into the intestine

Question 20

What is the function of cholecystokinin?

Answer 20

Stimulates contractions of the gallbladder and common bile duct, resulting in delivery of bile into the gut