Biliary System

Question 1

Discuss the Right Lobe

Answer 1

Largest lobe
Right of midline
Takes up most of RUQ

Question 2

Discuss the left lobe

Answer 2

Left of midline
Extends into LUQ

Question 3

Discuss the caudate lobe

Answer 3

Superior and posterior surface of right lobe

Question 4

Discuss the quadrate lobe

Answer 4

Inferior and posterior surface of right lobe

Question 5

Discuss Falciform

Answer 5

Separates the right and left lobe

Question 6

What are the main functions of the liver (5)

Answer 6

Synthesis
Metabolism
Secretion
Waste management
Detox

Question 7

Discuss synthesis

(CGPT)

Answer 7

Creating glycogen , proteins, triglycerides, and cholesterol

-glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles
-liver makes blood based proteins from amino acids ( Albumin, Prothrombin)
- liver combines fatty acids and glycerol to make triglycerides

Question 8

Define Albumin

Answer 8

Transports proteins in blood plasma

Question 9

Define prothrombin

Answer 9

Assist platelets in blood coagulation

Question 10

Where are triglycerides stored

Answer 10

Fat cells

Question 11

Define cholesterol

Answer 11

Fatty, waxy substance which enables cells to transport molecules through the membrane

Question 12

Define metabolism

(TG)

Answer 12

Breakdown of glycogen and triglycerides for energy source

Question 13

Liver breaks down what?

(GG)

Answer 13

Glycogen and glucose for cells to make ATP

Question 14

What happens when energy needs more lipid intake

Answer 14

Liver breaks down triglycerides, glycerol , and fatty acids for cells to make ATP

Question 15

What does the liver secrete

Answer 15

A quart of bile per day

Question 16

What does Bile consist of

Answer 16

Cholesterol
Salts
Bilirubin

Question 17

Define bile

Answer 17

Digestive fluid that emulsifies lipids into small fatty globules

Question 18

Define lipase

Answer 18

An enzyme that breaks down fatty globules into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 19

What happens when RBC’s die

Answer 19

Bilirubin is produces

Question 20

What does the liver do with dead RBC

Answer 20

Filters then from the blood and removes iron and excretes the bilirubin

Question 21

Where is iron stored

Answer 21

The liver
(Liver is high in iron )

Question 22

What does excessive bilirubin indicate

Answer 22

Liver failure
Excessive bilirubin

Question 23

Ammonia is turned into what

Answer 23

Urea which is a nitrogen based waste

Question 24

Define Detoxification

Answer 24

Breaking down toxins that are ingested into safer components

Question 25

What are the stages of the liver

Answer 25

Healthy Steatosis ( fatty liver) Liver cirrhosis (non reversible) Liver fibrosis ( liver failure )

Question 26

What are the parts of the gallbladder

Answer 26

Neck ( constricted portion) Body ( middle portion) Fundus ( most expanded , most inferior and lateral)

Question 27

Where is the gallbladder located

Answer 27

RUQ Beneath right liver lobe About level of L2 Between MSP and Right lateral margin Anterior to MCP

Question 28

How does the gallbladder appear in Hyperstenic ( massive ) patients

Answer 28

More lateral ( long across the body) More superior

Question 29

How is the gallbladder located in Asthenic ( very slender) patients

Answer 29

More medial More inferior

Question 30

What are the 3 functions of the gall bladder ( SEC)

Answer 30

Store bile ( 30-40cc) Concentrates bile Excrete bile ( 20-30 times per day)

Question 31

Define the Right & Left Hepatic ducts

Answer 31

From each liver lobe Come together to join common hepatic duct

Question 32

Define the common hepatic duct

Answer 32

Main duct from liver Joins the cystic duct

Question 33

Define the cystic duct

Answer 33

Small duct leading to gallbladder neck 2 way valve that controls bile flow

Question 34

Define the common bile duct

Answer 34

From cystic duct down to pancreatic duct Longest biliary duct (7-8cm long)

Question 35

Define the Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Answer 35

Very short duct formed from the Common bile duct and the pancreatic duct Joins descending portion of duodenum

Question 36

Define the Hepatopancreatic sphincter

Answer 36

Aka sphincter oddi Controls flow of bile into duodenum Prevents substances from entering the Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 37

Define duodenal papilla

Answer 37

Raised part that surrounds the Hepatopancreatic sphincter

Question 38

Where is the pancreas located

Answer 38

LUQ in 2 parts Head lies within the C loop of duodenum Tail extends behind stomach

Question 39

What are the pancreas’s 2 functions

Answer 39

Exocrine : secrets enzymes (lipase to break down fat) into pancreatic duct of duodenum Endocrine : produces insulin & glucagon into bloodstream

Question 40

What does insulin do

Answer 40

Lowers blood glucose levels

Question 41

What does glucagon do

Answer 41

Raises blood glucose level