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Flashcards in Bio Ch 2 Deck (41)
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0
Q

Elements

A

Substance that cannot be broken down to simpler substances with different properties

1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass

2
Q

CHNOPS

A

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosporus, & sulfur- basic elements of life (95% of the body weight of organisms)

3
Q

Atom

A

Smallest part of an element that displays the properties of the element

4
Q

atomic symbol

A

1-2 letters that represent an element’s name

5
Q

Proton

A

Positively charged subatomic particle

6
Q

Neutrons

A

Uncharged subatomic particles

7
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged subatomic particles (Gk, elektron, electricity)

8
Q

Electron shell

A

average location of electrons

9
Q

Atomic number

A

of protons in the nucleus; accounts for unique properties of the atom

10
Q

Mass number

A

sum of protons and neutrons in nucleus

11
Q

Atomic mass

A

average of the AMU for all isotopes of that number

12
Q

Isotopes

A

Gk, isos, equal & topos, place; atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons

13
Q

Tracer

A

small amount of a radioactive isotope in a sample to detect molecular changes

14
Q

Octet rule

A

outermost shell of an atom is most stable when it has eight electrons

15
Q

Valence shell

A

atoms use electrons in this shell to undergo reactions; # of electrons determines whether the atom gives up, accepts, or shares electrons to acquire 8 in the outer shell

16
Q

Molecule

A

Latin = moles, “mass”; 2+ elements bond together; smallest part of a compound that retains its chemical properties

17
Q

Compound

A

molecule with at least 2 elements

18
Q

Formula

A

number of each kind of atom in a molecule

19
Q

Ions

A

charged particles

20
Q

Ionic bond

A

strong attraction between negatively and positively charged ions that holds ionic compounds together

21
Q

Salts

A

solid substances that usually separate and exist as individual ions in water

22
Q

Covalent bond

A

Latin, co, together/with & valens, strength); 2 atoms share electrons in such a way that each atom has an octet of electrons in the outer shell (or 2 electrons, in the case of hydrogen)

23
Q

Nonpolar covalent bond

A

sharing of electrons between 2 atoms are equal

24
Q

Electronegativity

A

ability to attract electrons; dependent on number of protons (the greater the protons, the greater the electronegativity)

25
Q

Polar covalent bond

A

when electrons are not shared equally

26
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

attraction of a slightly positive hydrogen to a slightly negative atom in the vicinity

27
Q

Calorie

A

amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1 degree Celsius

28
Q

Solution

A

fluid that contains a dissolved solid

29
Q

Solute

A

Dissolved substances in solution

30
Q

Hydrophilic

A

molecules that can attract water (Gk, hydrias, of water & phileo, love)

31
Q

Hydrophobic

A

nonionized and nonpolar molecules that cannot attract water (Gk, hydrias, of water & phobia, fear)

32
Q

Cohesion

A

ability of water molecules to cling to each other due to hydrogen bonding

33
Q

Adhesion

A

ability of water molecules to cling to other polar surfaces

34
Q

Surface tension

A

force that holds moist membranes together due to the attraction of water molecules through hydrogen bonds

35
Q

Hydrogen ions (H+)

A

Protons; hydrogen atom that has lost its electron and therefore bears a positive charge

36
Q

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

A

1 of 2 ions that results when a water molecule dissociates; it has gained an electron and therefore bears a negative charge

37
Q

Acids

A

substances that dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions (H+); acidity depends on how fully it dissociates in water

38
Q

Bases

A

Substances that either take up hydrogen ions (H+) or release hydroxide ions (OH-)

39
Q

pH scale

A

used to indicate the acidity or basicity/alkalinity of a solution

40
Q

Buffer

A

chemical or combo of chemicals that keeps pH within normal limits

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