Bio Exam #1

Question 1

An organism’s activity is dependent on the

Answer 1

Activity of its independent cells

Question 2

What occurs within cells?

Answer 2

Metabolism and biochemistry

Question 3

What is is stored in cells and is shared between cells during cell division?

Answer 3

Hereditary information

Question 4

Prokaryotes have genetic material that is stored in

Answer 4

The nuceloid region

Question 5

All cells in organisms of similar species have

Answer 5

Similar chemical compositions

Question 6

What may develop from insufficient apoptosis?

Answer 6

Cancerous growth

Question 7

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by

Answer 7

Excessive apoptosis

Question 8

During early development (as a fetus), humans have webbing between their fingers and toes. What eliminates this webbing?

Answer 8

Apoptosis

Question 9

Peripheral membrane proteins are held in place by

Answer 9

Electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding

Question 10

How can a peripheral membrane protein be released from the cell membrane?

Answer 10

Changing the pH, which would disrupt the bonds of the membrane

Question 11

Adding a detergent is a method used to extract

Answer 11

Integral proteins, by reason that they are hydrophobic

Question 12

What is competitive inhibition?

Answer 12

An inhibitor binds directly to the active site and prevents the reactant from binding

Question 13

Metal cofactors and ATP are often used to

Answer 13

Boost enzyme activity

Question 14

What is noncompetitive inhibition?

Answer 14

When an inhibitor binds to the enzyme at a binding site other than the active site and prevents the enzyme from catalyzing the reaction

Question 15

Pili are small short “hairs” called fimbriae on the surface of bacteria that can be used in the

Answer 15

Exchange of genetic material between bacteria and in cell adhesion

Question 16

In eukaryotes, flagellum is made of

Answer 16

Microtubules

Question 17

What is Clathrin?

Answer 17

A receptor protein on the surface of a cell

Question 18

Teichoic acids are found only on

Answer 18

Gram-positive bacteria and allow for cell wall rigidity

Question 19

As a plant performs photosynthesis, the amount of CO2 present should

Answer 19

Decrease over time, since the plant consumes the carbon to make glucose

Question 20

Glycolysis is best described as what type of process?

Answer 20

Exergonic, since overall reaction releases energy

Question 21

What is a notochord?

Answer 21

A length of cartilage extending along the body, which will become part of the spinal discs

Question 22

The spinal cord begins as the

Answer 22

Dorsal Neural Tube

Question 23

The endostyle is what produces

Answer 23

Mucus for filter feeders

Question 24

Which phyla lack a complete digestive system?

Answer 24

Platyhelminthes (tapeworms) and Cnidaria (Jellyfish)

Question 25

When food moves through the digestive system it does so using muscle contractions called

Answer 25

Peristalsis

Question 26

Passive immunity is a temporary form of immunity that occurs when

Answer 26

One organism can pass along their antibodies to another organism to prevent infection

Question 27

Active immunity is brought about when an organism is

Answer 27

infected or exposed to a virus/bacterium

Question 28

Natural immunity refers to

Answer 28

An immune response being generated by natural means

Question 29

Artificial immunity refers to when

Answer 29

Immune response is generated via artificial means

Question 30

A muscle cell that is in a sustained state of contraction is said to be in

Answer 30

Tetanus

Question 31

When muscle cells contract, the contraction is followed by a period of cell relaxation. What happens during this period?

Answer 31

The cell can't contract again

Question 32

What in the pancreas secretes insulin?

Answer 32

Beta Cells

Question 33

What in the stomach secretes gastrin, a hormone which stimulates the parietal cells of the stomach to secrete acid for digestion

Answer 33

G cells

Question 34

The main extracellular buffer system in humans consists of

Answer 34

Bicarbonate

Question 35

What functions as the main intracellular buffer system in humans?

Answer 35

Phosphate

Question 36

Blood enters the heart on the right side, from the

Answer 36

superior and inferior vena cava as deoxygenated blood

Question 37

How are marine fish compared to their environment?

Answer 37

hypoosmostic

Question 38

What do marine fish do to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 38

Drink water

Question 39

Why does cartilage take a considerable amount of time to heal?

Answer 39

It lacks a direct blood supply

Question 40

Nutrients access cartilage via

Answer 40

Slow diffusion

Question 41

Gastrulation occurs when

Answer 41

Group of the blastula’s cells begins to fold inward

Question 42

What does Gastrulation result in?

Answer 42

- Formation of endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm - Formation of archenteron (center cavity) - Formation of the blastopore (opening)

Question 43

In mammals, what aides the embryo in the storage of liquid waste?

Answer 43

Allantois

Question 44

In mammals, what forms the placenta?

Answer 44

chorionic villi

Question 45

What is the Oocyte?

Answer 45

The female egg and provides the majority of the cytoplasm in a developing zygote

Question 46

Someone with the AB blood group is exhibiting the principle of

Answer 46

Codominance

Question 47

Vectors are common biological tools used to

Answer 47

Transform DNA for subsequent replication or gene expression

Question 48

Phrenology is the study of the

Answer 48

Contours of the brain

Question 49

Gel electrophoresis is a biotechnology process that allows for the separation of

Answer 49

DNA, RNA, or proteins on the basis of size and charge

Question 50

What is a karyotype?

Answer 50

A digital image of the size, shape, and number of chromosomes of an organism

Question 51

Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to identify

Answer 51

Similarities between organisms and the identity of an unknown DNA sample

Question 52

What does PCR do?

Answer 52

Replicate and amplify a DNA sample in vitro

Question 53

What is a mix between salt and fresh water?

Answer 53

Brackish water

Question 54

What is Allelopathy?

Answer 54

A type of interference competition, where the establishment of other individuals who would compete for a mutual resource is prevented

Question 55

Commensalism is a source of symbiosis in which

Answer 55

One of the two organisms benefits

Question 56

Exploitation competition is a type of competition that occurs

Answer 56

Indirectly through depletion of a common resource