Bio test 1/19

Question 1

Cellular Respiration

Answer 1

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars); Cellular respiration is used to generate usable ATP energy in order to support many other reactions in the body

Question 2

Photosynthesis

Answer 2

A chemical process that occurs in plants, algae, and some types of bacteria, when they are exposed to sunlight; the equation is Light + 6H2O + CO2 -> glucose (C6H12O6)

Question 3

Fermentation

Answer 3

a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes; allows the preservation of substantial amounts of food

Question 4

Heterotroph

Answer 4

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

Question 5

Autotroph

Answer 5

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals

Question 6

Producer

Answer 6

photosynthesizing organisms; any kind of green plant

Question 7

Consumer

Answer 7

a living creature that eats organisms from a different population

Question 8

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 8

a chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars);

Question 9

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 9

respiration without oxygen; glucose -> pyruvate + CO2 + ATP and you still end up with 38 somehow

Question 10

Chemiosmosis

Answer 10

the process of diffusion of ions (usually H+ ions, also known as protons) across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 11

How many ATP and NADH (and FADH2) are produced during each of the 3 phrases of cellular respiration?

Answer 11

For each glucose that enters glycolysis, products of the citric acid cycle are 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2.

Question 12

How is chemiosmosis (electron transport chain) different in cellular respiration and photosynthesis? (hint where do they occur ad how do they end?)

Answer 12

Throughout the photosynthesis, this happens within the chloroplasts, whereas throughout respiration, this happens within the mitochondria.

Question 13

Parts of a mitochondria

Answer 13

outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane, cristae, and matrix

Question 14

Where each phase of cellular respiration occurs

Answer 14

Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol, the citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, and electron transport chain occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 15

Glycolysis Inputs and Outputs

Answer 15

glucose -> 2 pyruvate (you get 2 NADH and 2 ATP)

Question 16

Prep Step Inputs and Outputs

Answer 16

pyruvate -> acetyl CoA (you get 1 NADH (CO2) x 2)

Question 17

Kreb’s Cycle Inputs and Outputs

Answer 17

acetyl CoA -> CO2 (you get 3 NADH, 1 FADH, 1 ATP x2)

Question 18

Describe chemiosmosis in cellular respiration in detail

Answer 18

involves the pumping of protons through special channels in the membranes of mitochondria from the inner to the outer compartment. The pumping establishes a proton (H+) gradient. After the gradient is established, protons diffuse down the gradient through a transport protein called ATP synthase.

Question 19

Equation for cellular respiration

Answer 19

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy

Question 20

3 main processes in cellular respiration IN ORDER

Answer 20

Glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, Electron Transport Chain