Bio Test

Question 1

Nucleus:

Answer 1

The control center of the cell, containing DNA.

Question 2

Mitochondria:

Answer 2

Produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

Question 3

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

Answer 3

Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes, synthesizes proteins.

Smooth ER: Synthesizes lipids and detoxifies the cell.

Question 4

Lysosomes:

Answer 4

digest cellular waste
garbage and recycling facility

Question 5

Vacuoles:

Answer 5

Storage organelles, larger in plant cells for water storage.

Question 6

Chloroplasts:

Answer 6

Sites of photosynthesis (only in plant cells).

Question 7

Cell Wall:

Answer 7

Provides structure and protection (only in plant cells).

Question 8

Cell Membrane:

Answer 8

Regulates the entry and exit of substances in the cell.

Question 9

Eyepiece (Ocular Lens):

Answer 9

Lens you look through, typically 10x magnification.

Question 10

Objective Lenses:

Answer 10

Different magnifications (e.g., 4x, 10x, 40x).

Question 11

Stage:

Answer 11

Platform to place the specimen slide.

Question 12

Coarse Focus Knob:

Answer 12

For broad adjustments in focus.

Question 13

Fine Focus Knob:

Answer 13

For fine-tuning the focus.

Question 14

Light Source/Mirror:

Answer 14

Illuminates the specimen.

Question 15

Diaphragm:

Answer 15

Controls the amount of light on the specimen.

Question 16

Interphase:

Answer 16

Period of growth and DNA replication.

Question 17

Mitosis:

Answer 17

Division of the nucleus.

Question 18

Cytokinesis:

Answer 18

Division of the cytoplasm, forming two daughter cells.

Question 19

Mitosis Stages:

Answer 19

Prophase: Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope dissolves.
Metaphase: Chromosomes align in the center of the cell.
Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate to opposite poles.
Telophase: Nuclear envelopes reform around chromosomes.

Question 20

Cancer:

Answer 20

Definition: Uncontrolled cell division due to genetic mutations
Happens due to:
- smoking
- UV exposure

Question 21

Nucleus:

Answer 21

• large circular structure with a membrane
• contains chromatin inside
• control centre of the cell, directs all cell activities such as a growth, metabolism, reproduction by controlling gene expression

Question 22

Cell membrane

Answer 22

• thin, flexible outer layer that surrounds cell
• acts as a gatekeeper, controlling what enters & exits the cell(e.x. nutrients, waste, and gases)

Question 23

Cytoplasm

Answer 23

• jelly-like substance that fills the cell
• supports and suspends organelle, and serves as the medium for chemical reactions

Question 24

Mitochondria

Answer 24

• oval-shaped with an inner and outer membrane
• powerhouse of cell, generates energy through cellular respiration

Question 25

Ribosome

Answer 25

protein making factory

Question 26

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 26

- stacks of flattened membranes - modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport inside or outside the cell

Question 27

Eyepiece

Answer 27

part to look through to view image of specimen

Question 28

Mitosis Order

Answer 28

PMAT

Question 29

Objective Lens

Answer 29

used to view specimen at different magnification - low power (4x): shortest lens views large area - medium power (10x): moderate lvl of mag - high power (40x or 100x): detailed viewss

Question 30

Nose Piece

Answer 30

rotating part that holds objective lenses and allows you to switch between them

Question 31

Arms