Biodiversity 5-9

Question 1

Cell layer animals

Answer 1

Diploblastic animals and Triploblastic animals

Question 2

Diploblastic animals

Answer 2

Ctenphores, Cnidarians
Layers: Endoderm and Ectoderm

Question 3

Triploblastic animals

Answer 3

Bilaterians
Layers: Endoderm, Mesoderm, and Ectoderm

Question 4

Animalia Clade

Answer 4

Sponges
Eumetazons
- Ctenophores
–Cnidarians
–Bilaterians

Question 5

How do you differentiate animal groups?

Answer 5

Cell layer, Symmetry, Gastrulation, Body Cavity

Question 6

Radial symmetry

Answer 6

Dividing the animal along any central axis and get symmetrical halves - diploblastic animals

Question 7

Bilateral symmetry

Answer 7

when a unique single plane running from the anterior to the posterior position of the animal will produce a mirror image - triploblastic animals

Question 8

Gastrulation

Answer 8

Protostomes: blastopore become the mouth
Deuterostomes: blastopore becomes anus: 2nd opening becomes the mouth

Question 9

Body Cavaties

Answer 9

Acoelomate - flatworms
Pseudocoelomate - round worms
Coelomate - Protosomes, Lophotrochozoans (not flatworms), Ecdysozoans (not roundworms)

Question 10

Whats the synapomorphy for animals?

Answer 10

extracellular matrix - collegen

Question 11

Sponges

Answer 11

Part of animalia
- multicelluar and not considered eumetazoans and can reprode asexually and sexually by releasing a LOT of sperm into the ocean water
Synapomorphy: mineral spicules

Question 12

Eumetazoans

Answer 12

• Ctenophores
  -Unnamed taxon (hox genes)

Synapomorphy: tissues; nerves; muscle

Question 12

Ctenophores

Answer 12

Comb jellies; radial symmetry, flow through gut, 8 combs

Synapomorphy: tissues: nerves, muscle

Question 13

Cnidaria

Answer 13

Jellyfish, hydras, anemones, coals; radial symmetry, no flow through gut; ployp or medusa

Synapomorphy: cnidocytes (explosive stinging/ adhesive cells, like the cells with the barbs that sting)

Question 13

Bilaterians

Answer 13

Protostomes and Deuterostomes
Synapomorphy: Triploblastic tissues; bilateral symmetry

Question 13

Protostomes

Answer 13

Lophotrochozoans (DNA evidence)
Ecdysozoans (shed exoskeleton)

“first mouth” first opening in the blastula, the blastopore, develops into the mouth
Synapomorphy: blastopore develops into mouth

Question 14

Deuterostomes

Answer 14

Echniderms
Chordates

“second mouth” first opening in blastula, the blastopore, develops into the anus and a second opening will develop into the mouth

Synapomorphy: blastopore develops into anus

Question 15

Lophotrochozoans

Answer 15

Flatworms
Annelids
Mollusks

Synapomorphy: DNA evidence

Question 16

Mollusks

Answer 16

Taxa: cephalopods (octopus and cuttlefish), gastropods (snails and slugs), bivalves (mussles and clams)

Synapomorphy: muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle

Question 17

What do eumetazoans have that sponges so not?

Answer 17

• Gastrulation
• True tissues (nerve/muscles)
• symmtrical body plan
• internal gastrovascular system

Question 18

Ecdysozoans

Answer 18

-Nematodes
-Arthropods
–Trilobites
–Chelicerates
–Myriapods
–Pancrustaceans
—“Crustacea”
—Insecta

Synapomorphy: shed exoskeleton

Question 19

Nematodes

Answer 19

Round worms; C elegans

thin cuticle allows for water and gas exchange; cephalized with ventral nerve cord; complete digestive tract with two openings; unsegmented

Question 20

Arthropods

Answer 20

Taxa: insects, crustaceans, spider, centipedes

Bodies are composed of various segments that can be modified for various functions

Synapomorphy: jointed appendages

Question 21

Arthropods

Answer 21

Trilobites
Chelicerates
Myriapods
Pancrustaceans

Question 22

Pancrustaceans

Answer 22

“Crustacea”
Insecta

Question 23

Echinoderms

Answer 23

Starfish, brittle stars, Crinoids, sea urchins, sea cucumbers

All have bilateral symmetry

Synapomorphy: water vascular system with tube feet, pentaradial symmetry as adults (5 pointed starfish)

Question 24

Chordates

Answer 24

Chephalocordates (lancelets)
Urochordates (tunicates)
Vertabates

Synapomorphy: notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, post-anal tail