Biodiversity And Conservation Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
What is buodiversity
A
2
Q
3 types pf biodiversity
A
3
Q
Mass extinctions
A
4
Q
Normal rate of extinction
A
1 species per million species / year
5
Q
5 mass extinction
A
6
Q
How did cretaceous paleogene
A
7
Q
When did meghalayan age began
A
4200 years ago
8
Q
How does biodiversity vary from poles to tropics
A
Increase
More sunlight -> more productivity
9
Q
Biodiversity trends
A
10
Q
What is landscape
A
11
Q
What is alpha diversity
A
12
Q
Beta and gamma diversity
A
13
Q
Zeta diversity
A
14
Q
Explain aloha beta gamma using example
A
15
Q
What is the definition of mega diverse country as per conservation, International(NGO), Virginia Arlington, USA?
A
16
Q
How many countries are considered mega diverse country?
A
17
Q
Who established like-minded mega diverse countries? And how many countries are there?
A
18
Q
Who gave the concept of biodiversity hotspots, and what are the two conditions?
A
19
Q
What is the total biodiversity that is known to us, and what has greater biodiversity fauna or flora?
A
20
Q
Vascular plants
A
21
Q
As per conservation, International, how many BDHS are there?
A
36
22
Q
How many biodiversity hotspots are there in India?
A
4
23
Q
Name four biodiversity hotspots in India
A
Western Ghats in Sri Lanka,
Indo Verma, including Northeast India and Andaman, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, very small areas of Bangladesh and Malaysia,
Sundaland
Himalayas
24
Q
What is sundaland
A
25
Explain wallace and lydekkar line
Wallace Line: Separates Asian species from Wallacea.
• Lydekker Line: Separates Australian species from Wallacea.
• Wallacea (middle zone): A mix of both — evolutionary buffet!
26
Wallace on map
27
Which line cuts wallacea into two?
Weber line
28
What is the significance of biodiversity hotspots?
29
What are cool spot?
30
What is critical ecosystem partnership fund?
31
Who manages CEPF fund
32
Ques on BDHS
33
Hope
Spots
34
What is functional redundancy?
Imagine a workplace. You have 5 people who can all do typing work. Even if 1 or 2 go on vacation, work continues smoothly.
That’s functional redundancy — multiple species doing the same job in an ecosystem.
So in high biodiversity ecosystems:
• You have many species doing similar ecological roles (e.g. pollinating, decomposing, seed dispersing).
• If one species goes extinct, others can fill in, and the system keeps running.
35
What is significance of nature in biodiversity?
36
What is significance of humans in biodiversity?
37
What are different types of resources and their classification?
38
3 approaches of living
39
SDG
40
What is ecosystem services?
Benefits that we obtain from nature as per millennium ecosystem assessment, 2005 of UN nature provides four types of ecosystem services
Provisioning,
Regulating,
Cultural,
Supporting
41
4 types of ES
42
What are provisioning services
43
Water regulating and cultural services
44
What is green muffler?
45
What is supporting services
46
Example of nature acting as bioshield
2004, Indian Ocean tsunami, role of mangrove
2013 phalin Odisha: super cyclone.
2013 UK disaster trees fallen: not able to get that service.
Prevention of landslides.
Prevention of desertification that is land degradation and dry areas.
Vegetation cover gone:: soil erosion increases:: by water. Wind:: top part is gone:: fertility:: ability to support vegetation:: vegetation cover gone.
47
What is TEEB
48
3 pillars of TEEB
49
What is the focus of TEEB?
In land wetlands, forest, coastal ecosystems, including mangroves
50
NCAVES
51
What is the objective of NCAVES?
52
As per UK government, what is the total net worth of ecosystem services given by UK nature
95112 cr
53
Who publishes the global land Outlook report?
UNCCD (UN convention to combat decertification)
54
As per the global and outlook, what proportion of global GDP input comes from nature?
1/2
55
Green washing
PR exercise to create an environment friendly image, contrary to the reality
56
What is green GDP?
57
What are the five threats to biodiversity as per IPBES?
Habitat degradation/habitat loss/habitat fragmentation.
Over exploitation.
Climate change.
Pollution.
Invisible species
58
Which organisation is called as IPCC of biodiversity?
IPBES(intergovernmental science policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services)
59
Jared diamond
60
Definition of IAS
61
What does IPBES say about IAS?
37,000 a species, out of which 3500 are invasive variant species
62
Definition of IAS as per WPA 1972 amendment 2022
IAS is a species not native of India and is harmful to wildlife or its habitat
63
Tell about Pontidera Crassipes
64
Which species is known as terror of Bengal?
Water hyacinth
65
Lake vicotria on map
66
Which fish is invasive in India?
Tilapia fish
67
Which fishes are dying in Lake Victoria because of water hyacinth
Tilapia fish
68
Which species has infected almost 40% of India’s forest?
Lantana camara
69
Which crops does thrips Parvispinus effects
Damages, many crops, including chilli crops
Came to India from Indonesia
70
What is one of the sources of IAS?
Ballast water
71
What is the ballast water management committee?
72
Important conditions of ballast water management convention
73
Anthropocentric approach of conservatio
74
What are the two approaches of conservation?
Anthropocentric
BioCentruc: life is at the centre, every life deserves to live
75
What is green terrorist?
People or institutions using threat to impose their idea of environment conservation. They advocate human population control.
76
77
Rachel carsons book for eccentric approach
78
Barry commoners four laws of ecology
79
Barry commoners four laws of ecology 2
80
Aldo leopold approach
Land ethic
81
Global footprint network
82
How many planets do we need as per current efp
1.7
83
What is ecological overshoot?
Amount by which EFP exceeds bio capacity
84
Ecological debter
85
Ecologucal footprint
86
Doxys irritation index
87
3 principles of sustainable develo
88
Which term did aldo leopold gave
Land ethic
89
Essay by garett hardin
Tragedy of common 1968
90
Who gave the ecological philosophy of deep ecology
3 pillars of deep ecology
Arnae naess
91
Carrying caoacity
92
Biocpacity?
Ability of nature to generate the resources in a given duration
93
Ecological footprint
94
EFP depends on 2 factors
95
2 factors on which bio capacity depends
96
