Biological Changes: Timing and Tempo Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is timing?
When Puberty occurs?
WHat is tempo?
How quick someone matures
Secular Trend
What is the secular trend? where is it most evident?
Puberty starts earlier and earlier with each decade
- Seen most in western countries
Secular Trend
Why is it not good for girls to hit puberty earlier?
mentality? Hormones?
- Childhood is shorter
- Men might try to pray on the young girls
- Adult duties placed on the girl
- Pubertal hormones affect the brain, make youth more inclined for thrill seeking, impulse control and self-regulation hasn’t developed yet in turn leads to an increase in harmful activities.
Secular Trend
Which gender is less documented on in the secular trend?
Less documented among boys
- Some idnictors that it happens to boys as well
Secular Trend
What is precocious puberty? Males and Females
- Early HPG reactivation
- Females: breast or pubic hair before 8 years
- Male: Genital development before 9 years
Secular Trend
What is the name for the start of breast growth?
Thelarce
Secular Trend
How many girls start menarche in the first stage of puberty?
1/3
Secular Trend
What are some other reasons for the secular trend to occur?
- Changes in enviroment over time
- Healthier environments are seen to have started puberty later as theres less reasons for stress to cause puberty
- Minortized groups are affected heavily due to stress
The Secular Trend
How do Endocrine Disruptors relate to the secular trend? What specific Endocrine disruptors start puberty earlier?
Chemicals mimicking and/or antogonizing hormones
- Methylparaben
- Diethyl phthalate (DEP)
- Butyl Phthalate (DnBP)
- Di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP)
- Triclosan
What products do teens use that can start puberty earlier? how does this happen?
Chemicals in our products mimic the function of hormones and lead to earlier puberty
- SHampoos
- Soaps
- Perfumes
Do higher or lower concentrations of Endocrine disruptors induce puberty?
Higher concentrations
Which countries does menarche start earlier? Why?
Food? Bodies?
western cuntries
- The nutrition in western countries has higher percentage of soy and calories, which leads to increase of body fat or obesity. This leads to an earlier menarche in girls
What theory has been seen to start puberty earlier for girls?
Men? non blood?
Presence of a step father within the family home
- possibky becasue of the exposure to non-biologically related male pheromones
Can family stress and conflict effect the start of puberty? why?
Tension in the fmaily will effect the cortisol levels and other hormones which leads to earlier puberty
What are the implications for early vs late pubertal maturation amoung boys and girls?
Health?
- Impact on mental health
- sunstance abuse, anxiety, depression
- Greater risk for cardiovascular disease
- Higher risk for certian cancers due to estrogen from young age
- Higher levels of obesity with early menarche
What are the psychosocial implications for early vs late pubertal maturation among boys and girls?
Positive? Negative?
- Isolation
- Flooding of hormones
- sexualization at younger ages
- self-esteem can fluxuate
- Exclusion and bullying
- Mental distress
What is maturational devience hypothesis?
Adolescents who develop either earlier or later relative to peers experience psychological distress and manifest behavior problems
What are some risks girls are prone to with maturational devience hypothesis?
- Depressed moods
- negative body image
- disordered eating
- substance abuse
- delinquency
- Aggressive behaviour
- School problems
- conflict with parents
- Harassment, bullying
- Risky sexual behaviour
- Increased adult expectations
What risks do boys experience with maturational devience hypothesis?
- Substance abuse
- Delinquency and antisocial behaviour
- School problems
- Bullying
- Risky sexual behaviour
- Increasrd adult expectations
What are some positive outcomes of early vs later maturers for girls?
- More popular
- Less likely to have difficulties with peers
- more socially skilled
- favourable body image
What are some positive outcomes of early vs later maturers for boys?
- More popular
- More peer admiration
- better self-esteem
- favourable body imaeg
Secular Trend
With regards to the secular trend, where is most of the research taken from?
- Most studies were conducted with White adolescents in the west
Which race begins puberty earlier than others?
Black girls begin puberty earlier than white girls
