Biological Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

How are monosaccharides joined together

A

Condensation reactions, water is released and a glycosidic bond is formed

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2
Q

How are polymers broken apart

A

By hydrolysis reactions, glycosidic bond is broken using a water molecule

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3
Q

What is the test for sugars

A

Benedict’s, add benedicts then heat up, if positive will change colour from blue to red
Non reducing: add dilute hydrocholoric acid, then neutralise with sodium hydrogencarbonate, then do the benedicts test

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4
Q

What is starch

A

Glucose is stored as starch, it’s a mix of amylose and amylopectin, it’s insoluble, and tested by adding iodine

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5
Q

What is the structure of amylose

A

A long unbranched chain of alpha glucose, coiled, compact, good for storage

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6
Q

What is the structure of amylopectin

A

Long branched chains of alpha glucose, branches allow enzymes to break it down easily so energy can be released

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7
Q

What is glycogen

A

It’s the main energy storage molecule, long branched chain so energy can be released quickly, compact so good for storage

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8
Q

What is cellulose

A

It is long unbranched chains of beta glucose, forming a long straight molecule.
Linked by hydrogen bonds to microfibrils (providing support)

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9
Q

What’s the difference between a triglyceride and a phospholipid

A

One fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group (hydrophilic) fatty acid tails (hydrophobic)

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10
Q

How are triglycerides formed

A

By condensation reactions, forming an ester bond when a molecule of water is released

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11
Q

How to test for lipids

A

Emulsion test:

Add ethanol, shake, add to water, milky colour indicates lipid

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12
Q

What is the structure of a protein

A
Made of amino acids
They all have a carboxyl group
Amino group
Carbon containing R/variable group
The difference is the variable group
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13
Q

How are polypeptides formed

A

By condensation reactions, peptide bonds are formed

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