biological molecules definitions Flashcards
Alpha glucose
form of glucose where the position of the hydroxyl group is in the downwards direction
Benedicts test
A reagent that tests for the presence of sugar
Beta glucose
Form of glucose where the position of the hydroxyl group is in the upwards direction
Biurets test
Chemical test for presence of proteins
Condensation
Condensing of a vapour into a liquid, reaction where 2 molecules form 1
Covalent Bond
bond when 2 atoms share an electron
Disaccharide
type of sugar formed by the glycosidic linkage of 2 monosaccharides
ester bond
generally covalent bond between fatty acid and glycerol, essential in forming lipids
glycosidic bond
a type of ester bond between a carbohydrate and another molecule
hydrogen bond
weak bond between proton in one molecule and electronegative atom in the other
hydrolysis
when a compound chemically breaks down due to a reaction with water
monomer
individual units of a polymer
monosaccharide
a single sugar molecule-a monomer
phospholipid
modified lipid where one fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group
polar
the tendency to grow or orientate in a certain direction due to electron distribution
