Biological Molecules: Proteins: Basics (Ms.D) Flashcards
What is an AMINO ACID?
A MONOMER which makes up PROTEINS
-It has a CENTRAL CARBON ATOM which is BONDED to:
–> CARBOXYL GROUP, AMINE GROUP, A H ATOM, and an R-GROUP
What is the AMINE GROUP?
The NH2 GROUP of an AMINO ACID
What is the CARBOXYL GROUP?
The COOH GROUP of an AMINO ACID
What is the DISULFIDE BRIDGE?
Bond formed between SULPHUR ATOMIS in R-GROUPS of AMINO ACIDS
What is a HYDROGEN BOND?
CHEMICAL BOND formed between the POSITIVE CHARGE on a H ATOM and the NEGATIVE CHARGE on another atom of an ADJACENT MOLECULE
-Often between H+ and O- ATOMS
What is an IONIC BOND?
A BOND between a POSITIVE ION which has LOST AN ELECTRON(s) and a NEGATIVE ION which has GAINED AN ELECTRON(s)
What is a PEPTIDE BOND?
The type of BOND formed between two AMINO ACIDS
What is a POLYPEPTIDE?
Many AMINO ACIDS joined together by PEPTIDE BONDS
What is meant by the term PRIMARY STRUCTURE?
The SEQUENCE of AMINO ACIDS that makes up the POLYPEPTIDES of a PROTEIN
What is a PROTEIN?
A POLYMER which is made up of AMINO ACIDS linked by PEPTIDE BONDS
What is meant by the term QUATERNARY STRUCTURE?
-The ARRANGEMENT of MULTIPLE POLYPEPTIDE chains in a PROTEIN COMPLEX
-The R-GROUPS will determine where the H-BONDS, DISULPHIDE BONDS and IONIC BONDS will form, effecting its OVERALL STRUCTURE
What is an R-GROUP?
-The VARIABLE part of an AMINO ACID CHAIN
-Gives a PROTEIN its own UNIQUE STRUCTURE and PROPERTIES
What is meant by the term SECONDARY STRUCTURE?
-The way in which the chain of AMINO ACIDS of the POLYPEPTIDES of a PROTEIN is FOLDED
What is meant by the term TERTIARY STRUCTURE?
-3D ARRANGEMENT of a SINGLE POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN in a PROTEIN
-Position of where H-BONDS, IONIC BONDS, DISULPHIDE BONDS will form is dependent on the R-GROUP
Describe the CATALYTIC ROLE of PROTEINS
All ENZYMES are PROTEINS, CATALYSING many BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
