Human and animal cells have which parts?
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes
Function of the Nucleus
Control activities in the cell
Function of the Cytoplasm
Where chemical reactions take place
Function of the Membrane
Controls the passage
of substances into and out of the cell
Function of the Mitochondria
Where most energy is
released in respiration
Plant and algal cells have which extra parts
Chloroplasts, Cell wall, Permanent vacuole
Function of the Cell Wall
Strengthen the cell
Function of the Chloroplasts
Absorb light energy to
make food
Function of the Vacuole
Store cell sap
Bacterial cells consist of what parts
Cytoplasm, membrane, cell wall
Describe the nature of how genes are located in bacterial cells
The genes are not located within a nucleus
Yeast consist of what parts
Cytoplasm, membrane, cell wall
Describe diffusion in terms of the movement of particles and the nature
Diffusion is the spreading of the particles of a gas, or
of any substance in solution, resulting in a net
movement from a region where they are of a higher
concentration to a region with a lower concentration.
The greater the difference in concentration, the faster
the rate of diffusion.
How does oxygen pass through cell membranes
Via diffusion
A tissue is made up of what
cells
Muscular tissue has what function
contract to bring about movement
Glandular tissue has what function
Produce substances such as enzymes and hormones
Epithelial tissue has what function
Covers some parts of the body
What are organs made from
tissues
what tissue does the stomach contain
Muscular, glandular, epithelial
Why does the stomach have muscular tissue
to churn the contents
Why does the stomach have glandular tissue
to produce digestive juices
why does the stomach have epithelial tissue
to cover the outside and inside of the stomach
Name an organ system
Digestive system
Name two glands in the digestive system
Pancreas and salivary glands
Why does the digestive system have glands
To produce digestive juices
What function do the stomach and small intestine both serve to the digestive system
To digest
Why does the digestive system have the liver
To produce bile
What does the small intestine specifically do
Absorbs soluble food
What does the large intestine do?
Absorbs water from undigested food, producing faeces
Name 3 plant organs
Stems, roots and leaves
Name 3 examples of plant tissue
Epidermal, Mesophyll, Xylem and ploem (they have the same function)
Function of epidermal tissues
Cover the plant
Function of mesophyll
Carries out photosynthesis
xylem and phloem
Transport substances around the plant
Green plants and algae use light energy mainly for what
food
They obtain the raw materials for photosynthesis from where?
Air and the soil
Reproduce the equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide+water —> glucose + oxygen (note that there should be light energy above the arrow)
Light energy is absorbed by what substance
Chlorophyll
Where is chlorophyll found
chloroplasts
How is the light energy used in photosynthesis
light energy is used by converting carbon dioxide
(from the air) and water (from the soil) into
sugar (glucose)
Name the 3 limiting factors of photosynthesis
shortage of light
low temperature
shortage of carbon dioxide.
Glucose produced in photosynthesis may be converted into what
insoluble starch for storage
Glucose produced in photosynthesis may also be used during what
Photosynthesis for respiration
Glucose in plants and algae is used for 3 things
To produce fat or oil for storage, Produce cellulose which strengthens the
cell wall and produce proteins
What other ingredient is required for plants to produce proteins and where does the plant acquire it from
Nitrate ions that are absorbed from the soil
Name 5 physical factors than affect organisms
temperature availability of nutrients amount of light availability of water availability of oxygen and carbon dioxide
What are the two methods to obtain quantitative data on the distribution of organisms
random sampling with quadrats
sampling along a transect