Biology

Question 1

Levels of Biological Organization

Answer 1

biosphere > ecosystem > community > population

Question 2

Biomolecules

Answer 2

• carbohydrates
• proteins
• lipids
• nucleic acid

Question 3

building blocks of carbohydrates

Answer 3

monosaccharides

Question 4

building blocks of proteins

Answer 4

amino acids

Question 5

building blocks of lipids

Answer 5

fatty acids, glycerol

Question 6

building blocks of nucleic acid

Answer 6

nucleotides

Question 7

Modern Cell Theory

Answer 7

1. The cell is the most basic unit of life.
2. All organisms are made up of cells.
3. All cells arise from other cells.
4. All cells have similar biomolecules and biochemical reactions.
5. All cells contain genetic material which is passed
   on from one cell to another.
6. All chemical and physiological processes in the body happen in the cell.

Question 8

type of cell that has:
- no true nucleus
- no membrane-bound organelles
- mostly unicellular
- archaea, bacteria

Answer 8

prokaryotic cell

Question 9

type of cell that has:
- true nucleus
- membrane-bound organelles
- unicellular, multicellular
- animalia, protista, fungi, plantae

Answer 9

eukaryotic cell

Question 10

cell structures/parts of a typical plant cell

Answer 10

• mitochondrion
• vacuole
• cell wall
• cell membrane
• golgi bodies
• nucleus
• ribosomes
• chloroplast

Question 11

cell structures/parts of a typical prokaryotic cell

Answer 11

• DNA
• cell membrane
• capsule
• ribosomes
• cell wall
• flagellum

Question 12

Organelles present only in prokaryotes

Answer 12

• nucleoid region
• capsule
• plasmid
• pilli

Question 13

Organelles present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 13

• ribosomes
• cytoplasm
• cell membrane
• genetic material

Question 14

cell communication and transport

Answer 14

cell membrane

Question 15

storage of genetic information

Answer 15

genetic material

Question 16

protein synthesis

Answer 16

ribosomes

Question 17

command center

Answer 17

nucleus

Question 18

transportation of proteins and
other cellular components

Answer 18

golgi apparatus

Question 19

protein synthesis and lipid production

Answer 19

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

ATP synthesis

Answer 20

mitochondria

Question 21

Cellular digestion

Answer 21

lysosome

Question 22

photosynthesis

Answer 22

chloroplast

Question 23

storage of food and other cellular components

Answer 23

vacuole

Question 24

structural support, protections, controls cell transportation

Answer 24

cell wall

Question 25

production of spindle fibers during cell division

Answer 25

centrioles

Question 26

unique organelle in animal cell

Answer 26

centriole

Question 27

unique organelle in plant cell

Answer 27

- chloroplast - plasmoderma - cell wall

Question 28

- equational division - diploid > diploid - 2 daughter cells - produce somatic or body cells - for growth and repair

Answer 28

mitosis

Question 29

- reductional division - diploid > haploid - 4 daughter cells - produces sex cells/gametes - for reproduction

Answer 29

meiosis

Question 30

Spermatogenesis order

Answer 30

spermatogonium > primary spermatocyte > secondary spermatocyte > spermatids > sperms

Question 31

Oogenesis order

Answer 31

oogonium > primary oocyte > secondary oocyte > egg > polar bodies

Question 32

general term for all chemical reactions of a cell

Answer 32

metabolism

Question 33

building up of chemical reactions

Answer 33

anabolism

Question 34

breaking down of chemical reactions

Answer 34

catabolism

Question 35

formation of carbohydrate molecules from carbon dioxide using the chemical energy produced from light dependent reactions

Answer 35

light independent reactions

Question 36

cellular transport; diffusion and osmosis

Answer 36

passive transport

Question 37

cellular transport that uses ATP

Answer 37

active transport

Question 38

the DNA double chain “unzips” and a new complementary strand is formed for each “unzipped” strand, creating two complete double chains

Answer 38

replication

Question 39

RNA for protein synthesis is created from DNA; instead of adenine-thymine, the base pairing is adenine-uracil

Answer 39

transcription

Question 40

the messenger RNA produced from transcription will be used as a template for the synthesis of amino acids; three bases code for one amino acid

Answer 40

translation

Question 41

plants with no xylem and phloem; no roots, stems or leaves; reproduce through spores

Answer 41

non-vascular (bryophytes)

Question 42

mostly ferns, only have roots, stems and fronds; reproduce by spores

Answer 42

pteridophytes

Question 43

non-flowering; mostly conifers

Answer 43

gymnosperms

Question 44

flowering plants

Answer 44

angiosperms

Question 45

has: - 1 cotyledon - parallel veins - petioles and sepals in 3’s - fibrous roots - scattered vascular system

Answer 45

monocot

Question 46

has: - 2 cotyledons - netted veins - petioles and sepals in 4’s or 5’s - taproot - vascular system in rings

Answer 46

dicot

Question 47

slow and permanent reaction by plants

Answer 47

tropism

Question 48

reaction to light

Answer 48

phototropism

Question 49

reaction to gravity

Answer 49

geotropism

Question 50

reaction to touch

Answer 50

thigmotropism

Question 51

organisms on the seabed; starfish, crab, corals

Answer 51

benthos

Question 52

organisms that swim; fish, squid, shrimp

Answer 52

nekton

Question 53

organisms that float

Answer 53

plankton

Question 54

“fitness”; possession of favorable characteristics

Answer 54

adaptation

Question 55

theory by Lamarch that says that traits developed or acquired during an organism’s lifetime are passed on to its offspring

Answer 55

inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 56

- diverse groups of organisms evolve from a common ancestor (common descent) - the main mechanism for evolution us natural selection

Answer 56

Darwin’s theory of evolution

Question 57

survival of the fittest by Charles Darwin

Answer 57

theory of natural selection

Question 58

carries food to stomach

Answer 58

esophagus

Question 59

use to mechanically and chemically digest

Answer 59

stomach

Question 60

use to mechanically and chemically digest

Answer 60

stomach

Question 61

used for chemical digestion; absorption of digested food

Answer 61

small intestine

Question 62

used for absorption of water

Answer 62

large intestine

Question 63

3 muscle cells

Answer 63

- cardiac - skeletal - smooth

Question 64

bind bone to bone

Answer 64

ligaments

Question 65

bind muscle to bone

Answer 65

tendons

Question 66

soft bone; makes up skeleton of sharks and very young vertebrates

Answer 66

cartilage

Question 67

carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

Answer 67

artery

Question 68

carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Answer 68

veins

Question 69

central nervous system contains

Answer 69

brain and spinal cord

Question 70

peripheral nervous system contain

Answer 70

nerves

Question 71

part of the brain that is for conscious thinking; intelligence

Answer 71

cerebrum

Question 72

part of the brain for emotions

Answer 72

hypothalamus

Question 73

part of the brain for body balance

Answer 73

cerebellum

Question 74

brain stem consists of

Answer 74

- midbrain - pons - medulla oblongata