Biology - Classification

Question 1

what does taxonomy consider?

Answer 1

evolutionary relationships; structures, genetic makeup, modes of excretions, movement and digestion, etc.

Question 2

subdivisions of classification from biggest to smallest:

Answer 2

kindgom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 3

what does the scientific name of an organism contain?

Answer 3

genus and species

Question 4

why are viruses often considered nonliving organisms?

Answer 4

they do not carry out physiological or biochemical processes outside of their host

Question 5

two types of viral life cycles:

Answer 5

lytic and lysogenic

Question 6

what do you call bacteria that exclusively infect bacteria?

Answer 6

bacteriophages

Question 7

what are monerans? what do they lack?

Answer 7

prokaryotes (like bacteria); they lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Question 8

how do monerans reproduce?

Answer 8

asexually

Question 9

what does the protist kingdom contain?

Answer 9

primitive eukaryotic organism with both plant and animal characteristics

Question 10

what do protists contain?

Answer 10

single cells or colonies of similar cells with no differentiation of tissues

Question 11

why are fungi considered non photosynthetic?

Answer 11

they are multicellular, differentiated and nonmotile

Question 12

what are the cell walls of fungi made of?

Answer 12

chitin (not cellulose like in plants)

Question 13

two kinds of fungi:

Answer 13

saprophytic (bread mold) and parasitic (athlete’s foot)

Question 14

what does the plant kingdom include?

Answer 14

multicellular organism with differentiated tissues; they are nonmotile and photosynthetic

Question 15

where do cyanobacteria live?

Answer 15

mostly in freshwater but also in marine environments

Question 16

what do cyanobacteria have? what don’t they have?

Answer 16

they have cell walls and photosynthetic pigments; they don’t have mitochondria, nucleus, flagella or chloroplasts

Question 17

what kind of DNA do bacteria have?

Answer 17

single stranded circular loop of DNA; not enclosed by nuclear membrane

Question 18

what are the 3 morphological classifications of bacteria:

Answer 18

cocci (round), bacilli (rods) and spirilla (spiral)

Question 19

what are the 3 forms of bacteria?

Answer 19

diplo- (duplexes); staphylo- (clusters); strepto- (chains)

Question 20

what are protists?

Answer 20

eukaryotes with membrane bound nucleus and organelles

Question 21

two main categories of protists:

Answer 21

protozoa and algae

Question 22

what are protozoans?

Answer 22

heterotrophic, unicellular organisms

Question 23

what are algae? main example?

Answer 23

photosynthetic; Euglena

Question 24

what kind of algae are sometimes called multicellular?

Answer 24

blue, red and green

Question 25

how are fungi different from plants?

Answer 25

all fungi are heterotrophs

Question 26

how do fungi get their food?

Answer 26

they absorb it from the environment

Question 27

how do fungi reproduce?

Answer 27

asexual sporulation

Question 28

examples of fungi?

Answer 28

mushrooms, yeast and lichens

Question 29

characteristics of ALL plants:

Answer 29

multicellular, autotrophs, photosynthetic and non-motile

Question 30

what do waxy cuticles of plants do?

Answer 30

minimize water loss while allowing light to be transmitted

Question 31

where do bryophytes live?

Answer 31

moist places because they have no water-conducting woody material (xylem)

Question 32

what is the dominant generation of bryophytes?

Answer 32

gametophyte

Question 33

what are the two types of bryophytes?

Answer 33

liverworts and mosses

Question 34

what are tracheophytes?

Answer 34

vascular plants with xylem and phloem; they have roots and not rhizoids

Question 35

what kind of symmetry do tracheophytes have?

Answer 35

radial

Question 36

what is the dominant generation of vascular plants?

Answer 36

sporophytes

Question 37

4 types of vascular plants:

Answer 37

psilophyta; lycophyta; sphenophyta; pterophyta

Question 38

what kind of vascular plant is a fern?

Answer 38

pterophyte

Question 39

where are the spores of a fern?

Answer 39

on the underside of the leaf in sporangium

Question 40

what are the largest groups of gymnosperms?

Answer 40

conifers

Question 41

what are gymnosperms?

Answer 41

naked seed plants

Question 42

what kind of spores do female cones make? male cones?

Answer 42

female make megaspores and male make microspores

Question 43

what falls under the division anthophyta?

Answer 43

angiosperms

Question 44

what part of angiosperm makes megaspores?

Answer 44

the ovary of the pistil

Question 45

what part of angiosperm makes microspores?

Answer 45

the anther of the stamen

Question 46

what are dicotyledon examples?

Answer 46

maple, apple trees, potatoes, carrots, goldenrods, buttercups

Question 47

what are monocot examples?

Answer 47

wheat, corn rye, rice, sugar cane, pineapple, irises, bananas

Question 48

all animals except parasites like tapeworms......

Answer 48

ingest bulk foods, digest them and then eliminate the waste

Question 49

most animals have what kind of symmetry?

Answer 49

bilateral

Question 50

what animals have radial symmetry?

Answer 50

cnidarians and echinoderms

Question 51

what are porifera?

Answer 51

sponges

Question 52

what are the characteristics of sponges?

Answer 52

two layers of cells, pores and sessile, low specialization of cells

Question 53

what are the two layers of cells called in cnidarians?

Answer 53

ectoderm and endoderm

Question 54

examples of cnidarians?

Answer 54

hydra, jellyfish, coral, anemone

Question 55

what is the symmetry of flatworms/platyhelminthes?

Answer 55

bilateral

Question 56

how many cell layers do flatworms have?

Answer 56

3 including the mesoderm

Question 57

do flatworms have a circulatory system?

Answer 57

no

Question 58

what are nematoda?

Answer 58

roundworms

Question 59

do nematodes have a circulatory system?

Answer 59

no

Question 60

what kind of nervous system do round worms have?

Answer 60

nerve cords and an anterior nerve ring

Question 61

what are annelida?

Answer 61

segmented worms

Question 62

what do segmented worms have?

Answer 62

coelom (true body cavity)

Question 63

what kind of exoskeleton do mollusks have?

Answer 63

calcium carbonate from the mantle

Question 64

what kind of exoskeleton do arthropods have?

Answer 64

chitin

Question 65

what kind of circulatory system do arthropods have?

Answer 65

open

Question 66

3 classes of arthropods?

Answer 66

insects, arachnids and crustaceans

Question 67

what do insects have?

Answer 67

3 pairs of legs, spiracles, tracheal tubes

Question 68

what do arachnids have?

Answer 68

pairs of legs and book lungs

Question 69

what do crustaceans have?

Answer 69

segmented body and variable number of appendages and gills

Question 70

what are echinoderms? symmetry?

Answer 70

spiny, radial symmetry and have a water-vascular system

Question 71

what does evolutionary show from echinoderms?

Answer 71

that they are linked to chordates

Question 72

what is the characteristic of chordate?

Answer 72

stiff dorsal rod called the notochord

Question 73

what are lancelets and tunicates?

Answer 73

chordate but not vertebrates (notochord but no back bones)

Question 74

what are the 5 classes of vertebrates?

Answer 74

amphibians, reptiles, fish, birds and mammals

Question 75

what do vertebrates have the chordates don't have?

Answer 75

they have bones that form the backbone

Question 76

what do all fish have?

Answer 76

2 chambered heart, gills, and external fertilization

Question 77

example of jawless fish

Answer 77

lamprey and hagfish of the class Agnatha

Question 78

what are cartilaginous fish?

Answer 78

have jaws and teeth with a reduced notochord

Question 79

example of cartilaginous fish?

Answer 79

shark

Question 80

where is the larval stage of amphibians found? how?

Answer 80

in the water with no legs but with gills and a tail

Question 81

characteristics of adult amphibians:

Answer 81

3 chambered heart, no tail, two pairs of legs, lungs, no scales, external fertilization

Question 82

examples of amphibians:

Answer 82

frog, salamander, toad and newt

Question 83

characteristic of reptiles:

Answer 83

on land, lungs, eggs, internal fertilization, cold blooded, scales, 3 chambered heart

Question 84

example of reptiles

Answer 84

turtle, lizard, snake and crocodile

Question 85

what kind of heart do birds have?

Answer 85

4 chambered heart and they are warm blooded

Question 86

what are mammals?

Answer 86

warm-blooded and feed young with milk from mammary glands

Question 87

what are monetremes?

Answer 87

lay eggs, horny bills and have mammary glands with many openings but no nipples

Question 88

example of monetremes?

Answer 88

platypus and anteater

Question 89

what are marsupials?

Answer 89

pouched animals; have nipples

Question 90

examples of marsupials?

Answer 90

opossum and kangaroo

Question 91

what are placental mammals?

Answer 91

embryos develop fully in the uterus

Question 92

examples of placental mammals:

Answer 92

bats, whale, mouse, humans