Biosecurity 1

Question 1

What are the hierarchy of controls for workplace management of hazards from least to most effective?

Answer 1

PPE
Admin controls
Engineering controls
substitution
elimination

Question 2

How does elimination help manage hazards?

Answer 2

physically remove hazard

Question 3

How does substituion help manage hazards?

Answer 3

replace hazard

Question 4

How do engineering controls help manage hazards?

Answer 4

isolate people from the hazard

Question 5

How do administration controls help manage hazards?

Answer 5

change the way people work

Question 6

How does PPE help manage hazards?

Answer 6

protect worker

Question 7

What are the 3 elements of transmission of infectious agents?

Answer 7

1. a source (or reservoir)
2. susceptible host with entry portal receptive to agent
3. mode of transmission for agent

Question 8

I ______ create a program to _______ the risk of ________ diseases that are preventable

Answer 8

can/should
minimize
many

Question 9

How can a pathogen get from the infected to clean cows?

Answer 9

food
water
close contact

Question 10

Are sheep at a higher or lower risk than the cow-to-cow?

Answer 10

Depends on the disease

Question 11

Explain the epidemiological triad of causal factors

Answer 11

agent
environment
host

Question 12

What are some of examples of agent causal factors of disease?

Answer 12

virulence
infectivity

Question 13

What are some environmental examples causing disease?

Answer 13

sanitary conditions, social context

Question 14

What are some of examples of agent causal factors of disease?

Answer 14

genetic susceptibility, resiliency, nutritional status

Question 15

Define biosecurity

Answer 15

cumuluative measures can/should be taken to keep disease from occurring and prevent transmission of disease with policies and hygienuc practices designed to prevent incidents of infectious dx

Question 16

Define stringent bioexclusion

Answer 16

keep agent out

Question 17

Define ruthless biocontaminment

Answer 17

keep agent in

Question 18

Define early detection/vigilant surveillance

Answer 18

find out who needs to be contained or excluded

Question 19

What type of environment and what type of pressure would you want in a surgical suite?

Answer 19

keep air out - stringent bioexclusion- positive pressure

Question 20

What type of environment and what type of pressure would you want in an isolation unit?

Answer 20

Keep agent in - ruthless biocontainment - negative pressure

Question 21

Explain BSL 1-4 use in vet med

Answer 21

BSL 1: appropriate for work with well-characterized agents which dont cause disease in healthy animals or people

BSL 2: appropriate for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard including microbes causing mild disease where treatment/vax exist

BSL 3: appropriate for work involving microbes which can cause serious disease that could be fatal where treatment or vaccine exists

BSL 4: highest level of biosafety precautions is appropriate for work with agents that cause severe/fatal disease which NO treatment exists

Question 22

Define Nosocomial (Healthcare Associated Infection/Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI)

Answer 22

infection that is acquired in a hospital or other health care facility

Question 23

Define Associated/Acquired Infection (CAI)

Answer 23

infection contracted outside of health care setting or an infectious present on admission

Question 24

Define zoonoses

Answer 24

infection that transmits from animal to man or man to animal

Question 25

What is used to prevent a disease or infection that is preventable?

Answer 25

SKA

Question 26

What are three factors that influence infection control plan

Answer 26

knowledge of pathogen identification of infection or disease signs and consequences of infection vs disease

Question 27

What are some tools in your toolbox for an infection control plan?

Answer 27

design/layout of facilities cleaning and disinfection protocols enhancing the health status of animals (young, old, very sick) ability to change behavior of people

Question 28

You should _______ first then _______

Answer 28

clean disinfect

Question 29

What are the 6 steps to cleaning for example your dirty boots after cow lab? What about a surgical table?

Answer 29

1. remove gross organic matter 2. apply detergent + water 3. rinse with water 4. apply disinfectant (chemical) and allow wet contact time 5. May rinse with water 6. dry

Question 30

What is one of the most effective ways to prevent transmission of disease

Answer 30

hand hygiene!

Question 31

What is the result if resistance is greater than pathogen load? What about conversely?

Answer 31

The animal will have a better chance at mounting an immune response and be able to fight off the pathogen Immunosuppressed animals will have a more difficult time fighting the infection and will be more likely to fight off the disease

Question 32

Are most cases of hospital acquired infections due to decreased resistance, increased, pathogen load, or both?

Answer 32

both

Question 33

What are factors that influence resistance to disease?

Answer 33

Previous exposure to pathogen whether naturally or through vaccination Maternal immunity in neonate Adequate nutrition Immunosuppression/stress Genetic selection in animals

Question 34

What are factors that influence pathogen exposure?

Answer 34

Sanitation Adequate ventilation Presence or absence of infected/diseased animals Presence or absence of vectors Handwashing vs PPE

Question 35

What is the difference between PPE and barrier production

Answer 35

PPE (personal protective equiptment) protects YOU Barrier protection protects PATIENTS from other PATIENTS and YOU

Question 36

Identify the 4 different colors seen in the VTH and which patients you should evaluate first?

Answer 36

Green - normal Yellow - increased risk of getting infected such as neonates and immunosuppressed Orange - increased risk of being infected such as non-healing wound Red - highly contagious pathogen SEE YELLOW PATIENTS FIRST