Biotechnology

Question 1

What is the molecular process occurring in PCR

Answer 1

-denature DNA by heating to 95C
-each strand serves a a template for replication
-primers anneal to identify target that will be amplified
-Taq polymerase adds nucleotides to 3’ end of primer

Question 2

During electrophoresis, DNA moves towards the

Answer 2

positive pole

Question 3

During electrophoresis, _____ fragments move faster

Answer 3

small

Question 4

CODIS uses _____ polymorphic regions and is best used to

Answer 4

20, rule people out

Question 5

When doing paternity tests VNTR the child must…

Answer 5

receive one allele from the mother and another from the father

Question 6

When doing forensic tests VNTR the suspect is

Answer 6

excluded from leaving the piece of evidence at the crime scene if he/she does not match EXACTLY ALL loci

Question 7

Recombinant DNA is

Answer 7

creating new DNA molecules by combining DNA from different sources

Question 8

What role do restriction enzymes play in DNA recombinant technology?

Answer 8

recognize specific DNA sequence and cleaves dsDNA at that sequence

Question 9

A palindrome is the…

Answer 9

ability to read the same 5’ to 3’ on either strand for a segment of DNA

Question 10

What role does DNA ligase play in DNA recombinant technology?

Answer 10

when the restriction enzymes cut DNA the DNA ligase joins DNA molecules

Question 11

Hind III

Answer 11

is a restriction enzyme that makes staggered cuts in DNA and produces sticky ends

Question 12

Pvu III

Answer 12

is a restriction enzyme that cuts both strands of DNA straight across, producing blunt ends

Question 13

What role do vectors play in DNA recombinant technology?

Answer 13

they are carrier DNA molecule that is capable of independent replication, in which a DNA fragment can be cloned

Question 14

What 3 things do cloning vectors often have?

Answer 14

Origin or replication
Selectable/Insertional Markers
Multiple cloning Sites

Question 15

The origin of replication allows

Answer 15

replication in the host cell

Question 16

Selectable/Insertional Markers allow

Answer 16

cells containing the vector and recombinant molecule to be identified

Question 17

Multiple cloning sites…

Answer 17

have many restriction enzymes cut sires that can be used in producing recombinant DNA molecule

Question 18

Ligation experiments are conducted to

Answer 18

join foreign DNA to vector

Question 19

Transformation experiments are conducted to

Answer 19

allows cells to take up products from a ligation experiment;put rcombinant DNA molecules into a cell

Question 20

Identification of different cell types:

Answer 20

cells with no uptake, took up the original vector or took up the recombinant plasmid

Question 21

Golden Rice was created due to

Answer 21

lack of vitamin A

Question 22

How is cDNA made from mRNA and why is it useful

Answer 22

mRNA is used as a template to synthesize the first strand of cDNA through reverse transcriptase

Question 23

Describe the Ti plasmid and how it’s used to create transgenic plants

Answer 23

Ti plasmid is a tumor-inducing plasmid that when modified the tumor causing genes are removed and allows the inserted gene to be functional in plants

Question 24

An expression vector is

Answer 24

what allows the inserted gene product to be produced and it must contain sequences required for transcription and translation of the gene

Question 25

Blotting is the process of

Answer 25

transferring molecules that were previously separated to a membrane that is better able to support additional testing

Question 26

Southern Blot

Answer 26

DNA fragments are separated based on length

Question 27

Northern Blot

Answer 27

RNA fragments are separated based on length

Question 28

Western Blot

Answer 28

Proteins that are separated on molecular weight, isoelectric point and electric charge

Question 29

A probe is

Answer 29

Used is southern blots
-single-stranded DNA that is the sequence we are interested in
-binds to complimentary DNA fragments on the nylon

Question 30

Transgenic golden rice seeds make

Answer 30

B-carotene & have PSY, crtl gene

Question 31

Dideoxy sequencing includes

Answer 31

-3’ -OH for DNA polymerase to form a phosphodiester bond
-DNA replication reaction proceeds until nucleotides are incorporated

Question 32

A ddNTP is often used in the Sanger sequencing process. Compared to the normal DNA precursors, ddNTPs lack a(n)___ at the ___ carbon.

Answer 32

OH, 3’

Question 33

Forward Genetics vs Reverse Genetics

Answer 33

-Forward Genetics- start with a mutant phenotype and search out the gene that causes the phenotype
-Reverse Generics-start with a DNA sequence and alter its function or prevent its expression to observe the effects

Question 34

Reverse genetic technology

Answer 34

-Adding genes
-Removing genes
—–CRISPR
—–making a knockout to remove gene expression
—–CRISPR DNA
—–RNAi