Birds (see notes for more detail)

Question 1

What suborder are chickens in

Answer 1

Galliformes

Question 2

Do birds have sweat and sebaceous glands?

Answer 2

No- they only have uropygial gland (preen gland)= lipid water proofing , and glands in auditory canal and cloacal

Question 3

Which don’t have preen glands?

Answer 3

Pigeons and ostrich

Question 4

Area of follicles and no follicles are called

Answer 4

Pterylae

Apteriae

Question 5

Name parts of the feather

Answer 5

Vane, central vachis, barbules, under feather and calamus

Question 6

Rabbits and ferrets moult twice yearly, do chickens?

Answer 6

No just once

Question 7

3 aims of skeletal system

Answer 7

Air flight
Support resp
Support egg production

Question 8

What is the synasacrum made of

Answer 8

Fused lumbar, sacral and caudal vertebrae

Question 9

What does the vertebrae end with?

Answer 9

Pygostyle

Question 10

Leg is composed of what? Femur…..

Answer 10

Tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus

Question 11

Wings are composed of? Humerus….

Answer 11

Radius and ulna (separate)
Carpal joint with alula
Metacarpals
Phalanges

Question 12

Choana is the slit on the roof of the mouth, what’s the one between it called?

Answer 12

Infundibulum cleft

Question 13

Name some proventr problems

Answer 13

Macaw wasting disease= provent dilation
Yeast infections
Parasites e.g. Giardia

Question 14

What effects cloaca and mouth? Makes it look prolapsed?

Answer 14

Papilloma virus

Question 15

How do you tell the difference between jej and ileum

Answer 15

Vitelline diverticulum the remnant of the yolk sac

Question 16

What kind of nephrons are there in bird kidneys

Answer 16

Mammalian and reptilian

They switch between for water conservation

Question 17

How does bird male repro differ from mammals?

Answer 17

Short epidymus
Less storage
Function at body temp
Get massive at breeding
No accessory sex glands
Intro phallus (duck) nonintro (chicken) no phallus (psitt)

Question 18

What’s the difference between a determinate and indeterminate layer?

Answer 18

Determinate: clutch then done

Indeterminate: replace lost eggs

Question 19

Hearts are bigger related to body size why..

Answer 19

High HR BP co to support flight muscles which use lots of energy

Question 20

Birds lungs don’t inflate, they have 9 air sacs instead, name the air sacs?

What creates the negative pressure

Answer 20

1 clavicular, 2 cervical, 2 ant thoracic, 2 post thoracic, 2 abdominal,

Thoracic and abdominal muscles

Question 21

What are the birds functional lung component?

Answer 21

2ndry bronchi into parabronchi and then atria

Question 22

How does the birds eye compare to the mammals..

Answer 22

Cornea thicker
Lens softer
Retina thick and vascular
No meibomum gland (has lacrimal and harderian for tears)
Shape changes with lifestyle