why is blood a type of CT?
has all the elements: cells( formed elements) + “ECM/ground substance” (plasma)
define: hematocrit
% of RBCs in blood. (male is 50%, female is 40%)
define: plasma
pale yellow liquid that holds RBCs in suspension. Or blood minus the cells
define: blood serum
plasma without the clotting factors. Or blood without cells and clotting factors.
define: buffy coat
chunk of leukocytes + platelets in centrifuged blood
what is in blood plasma? (3 plasma proteins, 4 organic compounds + inorganic salts)
plasma proteins:
albumin, globulins alpha, beta and gamma, + fibrinogen
organic compounds: amino acids, vitamins, hormones, lipoproteins
What are the 3 general types of blood cells/formed elements in blood?
1) erythrocytes, 2) Thrombocytes, 3) leukocytes
describe erythrocytes
O2 storage + transport, males have more than females, lifespan = 120 days.
anucleated, biconcave discs (except for immature RETICULOCYTES
contain Hgb.
what are immature erythrocytes called
reticulocytes
what do erythrocytes look like
annucleated, biconcave discs
what happens to erethrocytes if improper lab technique?
hemolysis - leakage of Hgb from RBCs, RBC will deflate into a pale “ghost”
what happens to erythrocytes in stasis?
will form ROULEAUX stacks (presence indicates clotting problems)
pathoogy of erythrocytes
anemia (down hematocrit), polycythemia (up hematocrit), erythrocytosis (sickle cell - causes capillary clogging)
lifespan of thrombocytes:
8-12 days
what are thrombocytes
platelets. v small. fragments of MEGAKARYOCYTES (bone marrow)
why do platelets have an open canalicular system?
allows for storage
why are there microtubules in platelets?
structural support
are thrombocytes nucleated?
no
what is inside a platelet?
1) dense bodies (sigma granules, Ca, pyrophosphate, ATP + ADP), 2) alpha granules (fibronogen + PDGF), 3) EGF 4) proteins
what is the difference bw granular and agranular leukocytes?
Granular white blood cells contains numerous granules in the cytoplasm, & their nuclei are lobed. Agranular white blood cells have few or no granules in the cytoplasm & have a large spherical nucleus. Granular white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, while agranular white blood cells are produced in lymph tissue,
granular leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
agranular leukocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes)