Blood

Question 1

Average circulating volume of blood?

Answer 1

5L

Question 2

How much blood circulates where?

Answer 2

1L in the lungs
1L in the heart/arterial circulation
3L in the venous circulation

Question 3

Main 6 functions of blood?

Answer 3

• Carrying compounds
• Clotting
• O2/CO2 carriage
• Defence
• Thermoregulation
• Maintaining ECF pH

Question 4

What kind of compounds does blood cary?

Answer 4

• Hormones
• Enzymes
• Nutrients

Question 5

How much of plsama is water?

Answer 5

~95%

Question 6

What are the 3 groups of plasma proteins?

Answer 6

• Albumin
• Globulins
• Clottin factors

Question 7

What does albumin do?

Answer 7

• Binds to drugs
• Transports lipids/steroid hormones
• Adds to coloid oncotic pressure

Question 8

What are the main types of globulins int he blood?

Answer 8

alpha/beta

gamma

Question 9

What do alpha/beta globulins in blood do?

Answer 9

Transport Lipids & vitamins

Question 10

What do gamma globulins in blood do?

Answer 10

Theyre antibodies

Question 11

What is oncotic pressure?

Answer 11

The osmotic pressure produced by uneven concs of plasma proteins.
Pulls water from the ISF to the plasma

Question 12

Whats the most abundent blood cell?

Answer 12

Red Blood Cell

Question 13

Life span of an RBC?

Answer 13

120 days

Question 14

tructure of a RBC?

Answer 14

• Non-nucleated
• Bi-concave
• Highly flexible

Question 15

What protein controls erythropeiosis?

Answer 15

Erythropoietin

Question 16

Where is erythropoietin made?

Answer 16

The kidneys & liver

Question 17

When would eryhtropioetin secretion be increased?

Answer 17

When Oxygen supply to kidneys is reduced.

E.g. anaemia, hypoxia, haemorrhage, lung disease

Question 18

Name the 5 main white blood cells?

Answer 18

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes

Question 19

Which is the most common WBC?

Answer 19

Neutrophils

Question 20

Whats the half-life of neutrophils?

Answer 20

Around 6 hours

Question 21

What do neutrophils do?

Answer 21

Phagocytose in bacterial infection.

Heavy involvement in acute inflammation

Question 22

What do eosinophils do?

Answer 22

Attack pathogens too large for other leukocytes

E.g. Parasites

Question 23

When do eosinophils rapidly increasE?

Answer 23

Allergyic reactions

Type 1 hypersensitivitY

Question 24

What do basophils do?

Answer 24

Release histamine/heparin to promote inflammation

Question 25

Which is the least common leukocyte?

Answer 25

Basophil

Question 26

Which is the largest leukocyte?

Answer 26

Monocyte

Question 27

How long do monocytes last in circulation?

Answer 27

About 72 hours

Question 28

What do monocytes do?

Answer 28

Migrate to tissue & mature into macrophages

Question 29

How many WBCs are lymphocytes?

Answer 29

1/4

Question 30

What controls leukopoiesis?

Answer 30

Cytokines | Including interleukins & growth factors

Question 31

What are interleukins?

Answer 31

Glycoproteins produced by leukocytes for immune sytem regulation

Question 32

Where are leukopioesis regulating cytokine made?

Answer 32

- Endothelial Cells - Mature WBCs - Fibroblasts

Question 33

What does it meant ot say the cytokine cocktail is dynamic?

Answer 33

Changes its composition to suit what cell type is needed at that moment

Question 34

What are platelets?

Answer 34

Membrane bound fragments of megakaryocytes

Question 35

What governs paltelet formation?

Answer 35

Thrombopoietin

Question 36

What do platelets do?

Answer 36

Adhere to capillary walls & exposed conective tissue to repair & mediate clotting

Question 37

What is the percentage of the blood made from RBCs?

Answer 37

The haematocrit

Question 38

What is a normal haematocrit?

Answer 38

``` Women = 37-47% Men = 40-54% ```

Question 39

Explain one factor that can affect the normal haematocrit?

Answer 39

High altitude living increases haematocrit

Question 40

What does blood viscosity mean?

Answer 40

Thickes of blood compared to water

Question 41

What sthe viscosity of plasma?

Answer 41

1.8x water

Question 42

Whats the viscosity of whole blood?

Answer 42

3-4x thicker than water

Question 43

What 3 things affect blood viscosity?

Answer 43

- Haematocrit - Temperature - Flow rate