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Physiology Exam III Material > Blood Gas transport > Flashcards

Blood Gas transport Flashcards

1
Q

In the pulmonary capillary the blood PO2 rises close to that in the alveolar air by the time the blood has moved ________ the distance through the capillary

A

one-third

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2
Q

a person may require _____x the normal amount of oxygen during exercise

A

20x

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3
Q

The diffusing capacity of oxygen increases ____x during exercise. How?

A

3x

  • there is increased surface area of capillaries participating in diffusion
  • There is a more nearly ideal V/Q ratio in the upper parts of the lungs
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4
Q

factors that determine tissue PO2

A
  • Rate of oxygen transport to the tissues

- Rate of oxygen consumption by the tissues

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5
Q

Normal intracellular PO2: range, Mean, and required for normal cellular respiration

A

Nl Range: 5-40 mmHg
Mean– 23 mmHg
1-3 mm Hg PO2 is required for normal cellular respiration

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6
Q

As oxygen consumption increases the interstitial fluid PO2

A

decreases

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7
Q

As blood flow increases interstitial PO2

A

increases

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8
Q

Normal intracellular PCO2

A

46 mmHg (compared to interstitial of 45 mmHg)

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9
Q

What is the normal PCO2 for arterial blood entering tissues

A

40 mmHg

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10
Q

What is the normal venous blood PCO2 leaving the tissues

A

45mmHg

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11
Q

pulmonary capillaries PO2 is ____ than that of Systemic arterial blood. why

A

higher, because of shunted blood in systemic arterial blood

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12
Q

Factors that determine tissue PO2

A
  • Rate of oxygen transport to the tissues

- Rate of oxygen consumption by the tissues

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13
Q

a decreases in blood flow from normal _____ peripheral tissue CO2

A

increases

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14
Q

A ___x increase in blood flow from normal decreases peripheral tissue CO2 to almost equal that in arterial blood

A

6x

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15
Q

Venous blood has an O2 saturation of ___% meaning that oxygen is bound to _____ of the heme groups

A

75%, 3/4

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16
Q

What is the oxygen saturation of arterial blood

A

97%

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17
Q

1 gram of hemoglobin can bind ____mL of O2

A

1.34mL

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18
Q

1 dl of blood carries ____mL of O2

A

20.1mL

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19
Q

There are ____ grams of Hb/dl blood

A

15

20
Q

What is the utilization coefficient? what is the value at rest and during strenuous exercise

A
  • percentage of blood that gives up its oxygen
    rest: 5/19.4 = 25%

strenous exercise= 75-80%

21
Q

_____ ml O2/dl transported to tissues

A

5

22
Q

explain hemoglobin as a “Tissue oxygen buffer” system

A
  • In order to release 5 mL of oxygen/dl of blood PO2 must fall to about 40 mmHg and Tissue PO2 cannot rise above this level
  • When PO2 is high (pulmonary capillaries), oxygen binds with hemoglobin
  • When PO2 is low (tissue capillaries) oxygen is released form hemoglobin
23
Q

when PO2 is 40 mm Hg then O2 saturation is

A

75%

24
Q

things that shift the oxygen-hemoglobin curve to right

A
  • Decrease in pH
  • Increase in hydrogen ions
  • Increased CO2
  • Increased Temperature
  • Increased BPG
25
Q

what is the Bohr effect

A
  • Increase in blood (CO2) and H+ ions
    • shifts oxygen-hemoglobin curve to the right
    • enhances release of oxygen form the blood tissues
    • enhances oxygenation of blood in lungs
  • Decrease in blood (CO2) and H+ ions
    • Shifts oxygen-hemoglobin curve to left
    • Occurs in lungs
26
Q

When cellular pO2 is more than 1 mmHg,______ becomes the limiting factor on oxygen usage rate by cells

A

ADP

27
Q

about 70% of CO2 in blood is transported as ______

A

carbonic acid

28
Q

The thin descending loop of Henle is highly permeable to which of the following

a. ) sodium
b. ) water 
c. ) Urea
d. ) Amino Acids
A

B.) water

29
Q

Aldosterone is an important regulator of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion; one of its main target is ?

a. ) Podocytes
b. ) principle cells
c. ) Intercalated cells
d. ) Cells of Macula densa
A

B.) Principle Cells

30
Q

The macula densa is found in which of the following parts of the renal tubule?

a. ) Proximal convoluted tubule
b. ) thin descending limb of Henle
c. ) Thick ascending limb of Henle
d. ) distal convoluted tubule
A

D.) Distal convoluted tubule

31
Q

True or False: Acidosis occurs when the ratio of bicarbonate ion to carbon dioxide in the extracellular fluid decreases. When this change is due to a decrease in bicarbonate ion, it is called respiratory acidoses

A

False

32
Q

The volume by which the lungs and thorax increase for each unit of pressure change in the transpulmonary pressure is referred to as

A

Compliance

33
Q

during heavy exercise blood flow through the lungs increases 4 to 7 times that at res. this increase is due to which of the following?
A.) increase in the number of open capillaries up to three times normal
B.) Distention of capillaries and doubling in the flow rate
c.) Increase in pulmonary arterial pressure
d.) all the above
E. A and B only

A

D.) all the above

34
Q

According to the oxyen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, an increase in blood partial oxygen presuse will have what effects

A

An increase in bound oxygen

35
Q

The Va/Q ratio is zero under which of the following conditions?

A.) Va= infinity, but Q=1
B.) Va= infinity, but Q=o
C.) Va=0, but perfusion is greater than 0
A

C.) Va=0, but perfusion is greater than 0

36
Q

Reduction of blood flow to a portion of the lung has what effect?

A

Alveolar pCO2 is lowered, resulting in a constriction of the bronchi supplying that portion of the lung

37
Q

one gram of hemoglobin can bind to how much oxygen?

A

1.34 mL oxygen

38
Q

what is the amount of CO2 dissolved in blood at 45mmHg

A

2.7mL/dl

39
Q

what is the amount of CO2 dissolved in blood at 40mmHg

A

2.4 mL/dl

40
Q

The carbon dioxide that is not dissolved in blood or transported as carbonic acid is transported as

A

carbamino hemoglobin

41
Q

What is the initial pressure difference that causes oxygen to diffuse into the pulmonary capillary

A

PO2 in alveolus (104) - PCO2 in venous blood (40) = 64 mmHg

42
Q

What is the Haldane effect

A

binding of oxygen with hemoglobin displaces dioxide from blood:

  • binding of oxygen causes hemoglobin to become a stronger acid
  • More acidic hemoglobin has less of a tendency to bind with carbon dioxide
  • increased acidity of hemoglobin causes it to release hydrogen ions
43
Q

The ____ effect states that increase in blood carbon dioxide causes oxygen to be displaced form hemoglobin

A

Bohr

44
Q

Normal pCO2 of 45 mmHg causes ______ volumes % of CO2 to combine with blood

A

52 volumes %

45
Q

Normal pCO2 of 40mmHg causes ______ volumes % of CO2 to combine with blood

A

48 volumes %

46
Q

Carbon Monoxide binds _____x stronger than oxygen to hemoglobin

A

250x

47
Q

Why is blood bright red in carbon monoxide poisoning

A

oxygen content of blood is greatly reduced, but PO2 of blood may be normal

Physiology Exam III Material (13 decks)

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