BMS 108 Ch. 4 Enzymes Flashcards
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Where does the substrate fit? What might be needed to fully activate the enzyme?
One the activation site; cofactors and coenzymes
What is an enzyme? What is the mechanism by which it does its job?
A protein that speeds up a chemical reaction; works by lowering the energy of activation
What forces can easily destabilize an enzyme?
Changes in pH and body temperature
What does it mean to denature a protein?
Change in the structure of a protein
What is a conformational change?
Change in the three dimensional shape of a protein
What is the difference between a competitive and noncompetitive inhibitor? What is it called when a protein is inhibited by its own product? What is the mechanism?
Competitive - competes with the substrate for active sites
Noncompetitive - binds to regulatory sites (not necessarily active sites)
Feedback inhibition; Activity is blocked by the product of the reaction that was catalyzed by the enzyme
What is the action of phosphatases and kinases?
Phosphatases are enzymes that remove phosphate groups from substrates; kinases transfer phosphates from ATP to specific substrates.
How and why does a coenzyme binding to a regulatory site change the activity of the enzyme?
Coenzymes form an ionic bond with the enzyme causing a conformational change that changes the shape of the active sites of the enzyme.
