Body Fluid Compartments Flashcards Preview

Renal Midterm > Body Fluid Compartments > Flashcards

Flashcards in Body Fluid Compartments Deck (28)
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1
Q

compartments of the extracellular fluid

A

plasma and interstitial fluid

2
Q

major cation of the ECF, plasma and interstitial fluid

A

Sodium

3
Q

major cation of the ICF

A

potassiuim

4
Q

major anion of ECF (plasma and interstitial)

A

Cl

5
Q

Major anion of the ICF

A

phosophates, protein

6
Q

membranes are impermeable to ______, so they normally do not impact osmolarity. However, they do exert _________

A

impermeable to proteins
but exert oncotic (colloid osmotic) pressure: pressure generated by large molecules (like proteins) in solution that are impermeable to membranes

7
Q

ECF can be measured using these indicators

A

22Na+, l-iothalamate, thiosulfate

INULIN

8
Q

TBW can be measured using these indicators

A

3H2O, 2H2O, antipyrine

9
Q

ICF cannot be measured using an indicator but it can be calculated by

A

TBW - ECF = ICF

10
Q

Plasma volume can be measured with these indicators

A

l-albumin, Evans blue dye

11
Q

interstitial fluid cannot be measured using an indicator, but can be calculated by

A

ECF - plasma = ISF

12
Q

albumin can be used to measure plasma volume because

A

it should not cross plasma membranes

13
Q

two compartments that arent measured directly

A

ICF and ISF

14
Q

Na and K concentration is slightly _____ than expected in the vascular space due to what effect

A

slightly higher than expected due to Gibbs-donnan effect - negative charge of proteins within the vasculature attracting positively charged Na and K ions

= 290 mOsm

15
Q

ECF osmolality is driven by

A

1) Na and Cl

2) Na vasculature > Na interstitial > Na ICF due to action of NA-K ATPase pump

16
Q

ICF osmolality is driven by

A

K

17
Q

Equation for plasma osmolality

A

= 2(Na) + Glucose/18 + urea/2.8

18
Q

ECF and ICF are highly permeable to ______ but not permeable to most ______

A

water

electrolytes

19
Q

Pc stands for the

A

hydrostatic pressure within the lumen of a capillary

force promoting movement of fluid from lumen to interstitium

20
Q

factors that will increase Pc

A

increased arterial pressure
Increased venous pressure
decreased precapillary resistance
Increased postcapillary resistance

21
Q

Pi stands for

A

hydrostatic pressure within the interstitium

promotes fluid in the lumen to remain in the lumen

22
Q

Pic stands for

A

oncotic (colloid osmotic) pressure within the capillary

discourages movement of fluid out of the lumen

23
Q

Pi i stands for

A

oncotic (colloid osmotic) pressure within the interstitium

Promotes movement of fluid out of the lumen

24
Q

osmolality of the _____ controls volume of the _____

A

ECF osmolality controls ICF volume

25
Q

All water and solutes must pass through the ____ first

A

ECF

26
Q

causes of edema

A

abnormal leakage of fluid from plasma to the interstitial spaces across the capillaires
or
failure of lymphatic to return fluid from the interstitium back to the blood

27
Q

congestive heart failure scenario

A

movement of fluid from intravascular space to interstitial space decreases ECV
Udnerfilled vasculature stimulates compensatory response renal mechanisms
Na and water retention
Restores perfusion pressure but exacerbates edema

28
Q

primary renal disease scenario

A

inappropriate renal retention of sodium and water overfills vascular tree

  1. volume expanison, elevates blood pressure
  2. increases hydrostatic pressure while decreasing plasma oncotic pressure