Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

[Y1] Anatomy and Physiology > Body fluids > Flashcards

Body fluids Flashcards

1
Q

what must occur with fluid intake and output in the body?

A

Fluid intake and output must be balanced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are electrolytes?

A

Ionic compounds disolved in water (e.g. Na+, K+, Ca2+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why are electrolytes important in the body? (3 points)

A

-Conduct electricity (muscle and nerve function)
-Osmotic pressure (keeping fluids in their own compartments)
-Buffers (resist pH changes in body fluids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 6 functions of water in the body?

A

-Temperature regulation
-Protective cushion
-Lubricant
-Reactive
-Solvent
-Transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what makes water great at dissolving things?

A

water is a charged dipole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the Plasma, Interstitual and Intracellular numbers for Na+?

A

Plasma: 142
Interstitial: 139
Intracellular: 14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the Plasma, Interstitual and Intracellular numbers for K+?

A

Plasma: 4.2
Interstitial: 4.0
Intracellular: 140

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the Plasma, Interstitual and Intracellular numbers for Ca2+?

A

Plasma: 1.3
Interstitial: 1.2
Intracellular: 0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the Plasma, Interstitual and Intracellular numbers for Cl-?

A

Plasma: 106
Interstitial: 108
Intracellular: 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the Plasma, Interstitual and Intracellular numbers for protein?

A

Plasma: 1.2
Interstitial: 0.2
Intracellular: 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what makes plasma and interstitial fluid similar?

A

free movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why are interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid very different?

A

Intracellular fluid has regulated movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is the push and pull of water the same of intracellular and interstitual fluids?

A

the osmolarity is about the same (iso-osmotic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is balanced within a fluid compartment even when the number of ions differ?

A

ionic charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happens if the ionic chrarge of a fluid compartment is not kept balanced?

A

the cell will attract the opposite charge into it. This may then upset he osmotic balance and pull water into the cell (causing problems)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 7 functions of electrolytes?

A
  1. Co-factors: Ca2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ act as co-factors for enzyme reactions
  2. Contribute to action potential generation (Na+ and K+)
  3. Secretion and action of neurotransmitters (Ca2+)
  4. Muscle contractions (Ca2+)
  5. Acid-base balance (HCO3+, phosphate, protein)
  6. Primary and secondary active transport
  7. Osmosis: electrolytes and protein promote water movement between fluid compartments across semi-permeable membranes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what creates even distributions of substances in the body?

A

concentration gradients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the 3 forms of passive transport?

A

simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis

19
Q

define diffusion (chemical gradient)

A

movement of substance from a high concentration to a low concentration

20
Q

define diffusion (electrical gradient)

A

movement from a positive to negative charge

21
Q

what usually makes the inside of cells negative?

A

proteins

22
Q

what is simple diffusion?

A

freely diffusible substances; including:
-lipid soluble materials (oxygen, carbon dioxide, fatty acids and steriods)
-small water soluble molecules (sodium, potassium and calcium)

23
Q

what is facilitated diffusion?

A

require specific carrier proteins (cytosolic proteins at neutral pH and are typically negative so attract positive ions)
transport: gluose and amino acids (used when the molecules are too large for the channels)

24
Q

define active transport

A

transport of substances against the concentration gradient and requires energy (ATP)

25
Q

name one example of active transport in the body

A

sodium-potassium pump

26
Q

what does the sodium-potassium pump do?

A

-Maintains unequal concentrations of sodium and potassium across the membrane
-Sodium constantly pumped out in exchange for potassium to maintain electrical gradient across membrane

27
Q

how much of the cellular ATP is used up on the sodium-potassium pump?

A

30%

28
Q

why do animals use 30% of it’s energy to run the sodium-potassium pump?

A

-If too much water enters a cell it will pop
-To prevent this the sodium-potassium pump balances the osmotic pressure
-Therefore, at rest sodium concentrations are much higher outside and potassium is much higher inside

29
Q

what are the 2 types of active transport?

A

-primary active transport
-secondary active transport

30
Q

what is primary active transport?

A

direct use of active ATP to transport uphill (e.g. Na+/K+ pump)

31
Q

what is secondary active transport?

A

-indirect use of ATP (e.g. Na+/glucose co-transporter)
-Na+ drags glucose inside, effectively against its concentration gradient
-This is important in the intestines and kidneys for glucose (re)absorption

32
Q

what is osmosis?

A

the net rate of diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration

33
Q

what does iso-osmotic mean?

A

equal concentrations of solutes

33
Q

when does osmosis occur?

A

Occurs when the solute is too large to cross a membrane, so water moves in order to adjust the concentration of the solute

34
Q

why is important to maintain plasma osmolarity?

A

the RBCs are affected if not

35
Q

what are the 2 things osmosis requires?

A

-A semipermeable membrane permitting water, but not solute, movement
-A difference in the solute concentration

36
Q

what is osmotic pressure?

A

the amount of pressure that needs to be applied to stop the movement of water

37
Q

what is the abbreviation of osmotic pressure?

A

pi

38
Q

what is van’t Hoff’s law?

A

pi=CRT, where
C (concentration of solute)
R (molar gas constant, 8.314)
T (absolute temperature, 310K at normal body temp)

39
Q

what is osmolar concentration measured in?

A

osmoles

40
Q

for non-electrolyte solutions (i.e. glucose) osmolarity is equal to molarity
True or False?

A

true

41
Q

what does molarity equal for electrolytes?

A

molarity x number of ions in solution

42
Q

what is tonicity?

A

a behavioural term that describes what happens to cells placed in solution

[Y1] Anatomy and Physiology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions