Body Structure Flashcards
1
Q
Toward the front of the body, organ, or structure
A
anterior
anter: anterior, front
-ior: pertaining to
2
Q
Pertaining to the front and back of the body or passing from the front to the back of the body
A
anteroposterior
3
Q
Pertaining to below, lower, or toward the tail
A
inferior
4
Q
Process of using a moving device or a sweeping beam of radiation to produce images of an internal area, organ, or tissue of the body
A
scan
5
Q
molecules combine to form cells, the basic structural and functional units of the body
A
cellular level
6
Q
groups of cells that work together to perform a specialized function
A
tissue level
7
Q
structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissue; they have specific functions and usually have recognizable shape
A
organ level
8
Q
related organs with a common function; also called organ-system level
A
sytem level
9
Q
collection of body systems that makes up the most complex level: a living human being. All parts of the human body functioning together constitute the total organism.
A
organism level
10
Q
the standard reference position of the body
A
anatomical position
11
Q
the person stands erect, the eyes look straight ahead, the arms are at the sides of the body with the palms of the hand turned forward, and the feet are parallel to one another and flat on the floor.
A
anatomical position
12
Q
the relationship of one body part to another in reference to the anatomical position
A
directional terms
13
Q
Movement toward the midline of the body
A
ADDuctive movement
you are adding a part to the body
14
Q
away from the midline of the body
A
abductive movement
15
Q
Above or higher; toward the head
A
Superior (cephalic, cranial)
16
Q
Below or lower; toward the tail
A
inferior (cadual)
17
Q
Front of the body; toward the front
A
anterior (ventral)
18
Q
Back of the body; toward the back
A
Posterior (dorsal)
19
Q
Pertaining to the middle; toward the midline
A
medial
20
Q
Pertaining to the side; toward the side
A
lateral
21
Q
Outside, exterior to
A
external
22
Q
Within, interior to
A
Internal
23
Q
Toward or on the surface
A
superficial
24
Q
Away from the surface
A
deep
25
Near the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure
proximal
26
Farther from the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure
distal
27
Pertaining to the outer wall of a cavity
perietal
28
Pertaining to the organs within a cavity
visceral
29
vertical plane that passes through the midline of the body and divides the body or organ into equal right and left sides; also called midsagittal plane
median plane
30
plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions; also called coronal plane
frontal plane
31
plane that separates the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions; also called transverse plane
horizontal plane
32
hollow spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs.
body cavities
33
what are the two main body cavities
dorsal (back of the body)
ventral (front of the body)
34
Name the 3 divisions of the dorsal cavity
(1) cranial
(2) spinal cavities
contains the brain and the spinal cord
(3) diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle, separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and plays an important role in breathing
35
The ventral cavity is subdivided into 4 parts
(4) thoracic cavity, which contains the heart and lungs,
(5) abdominopelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity is further subdivided into the
(6) abdominal
(7) pelvic cavities and contains organs of the digestive and reproductive systems.
36
contains the right lobe of the liver, the gallbladder, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestines.
right upper quadrant
RUQ
37
contains part of the small and large intestines, the appendix, the right ovary, the right fallopian tube, and the right ureter.
Right lower quadrant
RLQ
38
contains the left lobe of the liver, the stomach, the spleen, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestines
left upper quadrant
LUQ
39
contains part of the small and large intestines, the left ovary, the left fallopian tube, and the left ureter.
Left lower quadrant
LLQ
40
upper right region located under the cartilage of the ribs
right hypchondriac
41
upper left region located under the cartilage of the ribs
left hypochondriac
42
middle right region located near the waist
right lumbar
43
middle left region located near the waist
left lumbar
44
lower right region located near the groin (also called right inguinal region)
right iliac
45
lower left region located near the groin (also called left inguinal region)
left iliac
46
middle region located above the stomach
epigastric
47
middle region located in the area of the umbilicus, or navel
umbilical
48
lower middle region located below the stomach and umbilical region
hypogastric
49
he patient is assisted into kneeling position with the buttocks elevated. The head and chest are on the table, and the arms are extended above the head and flexed at the elbow. This position facilitates examination of the rectum
knee-chest position
50
The patient is assisted into supine (lying on the back) position. The legs are sharply flexed at the knees, and the feet are placed in stirrups. This position is used for vaginal examination and the Papanicolaou (Pap) test
lithotomy position
51
The patient is assisted into a supine position. The legs are sharply flexed at the knees, and the feet are placed on the table. This position is used to examine the vagina and the rectum in a female patient and the rectum in a male patient
dorsal recumbent position
52
The patient is assisted into side-lying position on the left side. The left arm is placed behind the body, and the right arm is moved forward and flexed at the elbow. Both legs are flexed at the knee, but the right leg is sharply flexed and positioned next to the left leg, which is slightly flexed. This position is used to examine the vagina and the rectum in a female patient and the rectum in a male patient. Sims position is also used to administer an enema
Sims position
53
The patient is assisted to lie flat on the abdomen with the head turned slightly to the side. The arms are extended above the head or alongside the body. Prone position is used to examine the back, spine, and lower extremities
prone position
54
The patient is assisted into semisitting position. The head of the examination table is tilted to produce a 45- to 60-degree angle, with the patient’s knees bent or not bent. An angle of 45 degrees or greater is considered the high Fowler position; an angle of approximately 30 degrees is considered semi-Fowler position. This position promotes lung expansion. It is used if the patient has difficulty breathing
Fowler Position
55
The patient is assisted to lie flat on the back with arms at the sides. This position is used to examine the chest, heart, abdomen, and extremities. It is also used to examine the head and neck, as well as in certain neurological reflex tests
supine position
56
caud/ad
-ad: toward
toward the tail
57
cephal/ad
cephal/o
-ad: toward
toward the head
58
cervic/al
-al: pertaining to
neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
cervic/o
59
cranium (skull)
crani/al
crani/o
-al: pertaining to
pertaining to the cranium or skull
60
ilium (lateral, flaring portion of the hip bone)
ili/ac
ili/o
-ac: pertaining to
pertaining to the ilium
61
inguin/o
inguin/al
-al: pertaining to
pertaining to the groin
62
lumb/o
lumb/ar
-ar: pertaining to
loins (lower back)
63
Meaning Medical Word Meaning
umbilic/o
umbilic/al
-al: pertaining to
umbilicus, navel
64
cyt/o
cell
cyt/o/meter
-meter: instrument
for measuring
instrument for counting and measuring cells
65
-al
pertaining to
66
-ad
toward
67
68
caudal
pertaining to the tail
69
mediad
toward the middle
70
Band of scar tissue binding anatomical surfaces that are normally separate from each other
adhesion
71
Protective response of body tissues to irritation, infection, or allergy
inflammation
72
Body’s inflammatory response to infection in which there is fever, elevated heart and respiratory rates, and low blood pressure
sepsis
73
Visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope
endoscopy
74
Radiographic procedure that uses a fluorescent screen instead of a photographic plate to produce a visual image from x-rays that pass through the patient, resulting in continuous imaging of the motion of internal structures and immediate serial images
fluoroscopy
75
Identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins, which can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person’s chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder; greater than 1,000 genetic tests are currently in use, and more are being developed
genetic testing
76
Radiographic technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body
magnetic resonance imaging MRI
77
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Diagnostic technique that produces an image of an organ or area by recording the concentration of a radiopharmaceutical substance called a tracer; usually introduced into the body by ingestion, inhalation, or injection
nuclear scan
78
Production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source
radiology
79
Drug that contains a radioactive substance, which travels to an area or a specific organ that will be scanned
radiophamaceutical
80
Radiographic technique that produces a film representing a detailed cross-section of tissue structure at a predetermined depth
tomography
81
arrow beam of x-rays with a contrast medium (provides more detail) or without a contrast medium that targets a specific organ or body area to produce multiple cross-sectional images for detecting pathological conditions, such as tumors or metastases
computed tomograph
82
Nuclear imaging study that combines CT with radiopharmaceuticals to produce a cross-sectional image of radioactive dispersements in a section of the body to reveal the areas where the radiopharmaceutical is being metabolized and where there is a deficiency in metabolism; useful in evaluating Alzheimer disease and epilepsy
positron emission tomography (PET)
83
Nuclear imaging study that scans organs after injection of a radioactive tracer and employs a specialized gamma camera that detects emitted radiation to produce a three-dimensional image from a composite of numerous views; used to show how blood flows to an organ and helps determine how well the organ is functioning
single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
84
Imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound (ultrasound) waves that bounce off body tissues and are recorded to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue
ultrasonography
