Bone landmarks and Joint movements

Question 1

abduction

Answer 1

movement away from the midline

Question 2

adduction

Answer 2

movement towards the midline

Question 3

circumduction

Answer 3

circulation motion

Question 4

medial rotation

Answer 4

usually a long bone spinning along its axis, anterior surface of limb turns towards the midline; think standing flat on the ground with toes pointed inwards results in medial rotation at the hips

Question 5

lateral rotation

Answer 5

anterior surface of limb turns away from midline; standing with heels together and toes pointed to the side

Question 6

process

Answer 6

any projection or bump

Question 7

ramus

Answer 7

extension of a bone making an angle to the rest of the structure

Question 8

trochanter

Answer 8

large, rough projection

Question 9

tuberosity

Answer 9

smaller, rough projection

Question 10

tubercle

Answer 10

small, rounded projection, smaller than tuberosity

Question 11

crest

Answer 11

prominent ridge

Question 12

line

Answer 12

low ridge or border

Question 13

spine

Answer 13

pointed process

Question 14

epicondyle

Answer 14

projection above a condyle

Question 15

head

Answer 15

expanded, rounded articulated end

Question 16

condyle

Answer 16

smooth, rounded articular process

Question 17

trochlea

Answer 17

smooth, grooved articular process

Question 18

facet

Answer 18

small, flat articular process

Question 19

fossa

Answer 19

shallow depression

Question 20

sulcus

Answer 20

narrow groove

Question 21

foramen

Answer 21

a hole/rounded passageway, usually for nerves or blood vessels to go through

Question 22

canal

Answer 22

large diameter passageway through a bone

Question 23

meatus

Answer 23

tube-like passageway

Question 24

fissure

Answer 24

elongated cleft or slit

Question 25

sinus or antrum

Answer 25

chamber within a bone, usually filled with air

Question 26

supination

Answer 26

palm moves upward

Question 27

pronation

Answer 27

palm moves downward

Question 28

inversion

Answer 28

soles point inward

Question 29

eversion

Answer 29

soles point outwards

Question 30

protraction

Answer 30

anterior/forward movement in a horizontal plane; jaw or shoulder girdle

Question 31

retraction

Answer 31

posterior movement in horizontal plane; seen in jaw or shoulder girdle

Question 32

dorsiflexion

Answer 32

toes pointed towards ceiling

Question 33

plantar flexion

Answer 33

toes pointed towards floor

Question 34

elevation

Answer 34

rise motion, for shoulders and jaw

Question 35

depression

Answer 35

lower, for shoulders and jaw

Question 36

lateral flexion of trunk

Answer 36

bending sideways in coronal plane

Question 37

opposition

Answer 37

movement towards palm, for the thumb and little finger which connect