Bones

Question 1

What is the skeleton split into?

Answer 1

Axial and appendicular

Question 2

What is DIAPHYSIS

Answer 2

Compact bone surrounding a medullary cavity

Question 3

What is EPIPHYSES?

Answer 3

Spongy bone within compact bone and cartilage on the joint surface

Question 4

What are the bones forming vertebral column?

Answer 4

Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacral (5)

Question 5

How many pairs of ribs are there and what do they form?

Answer 5

12 pairs
They from the thoracic cage

Question 6

Functions of bone

Answer 6

• weight bearing/support
• protection
• mineral store for strength
• blood formation (red bone marrow)

Question 7

What system is in the COMPACT bone?

Answer 7

Osteons/Haversian systems

Question 8

What’s the other names for spongy bone?

Answer 8

Cancellous, trabecular bone or dipole

Question 9

What cells are bone composed of?

Answer 9

Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes

Question 10

What type of cell is found on bone surface and what is their function?

Answer 10

Osteoclasts reabsorb bone matrix by releasing acid to dissolve it

Question 11

What type of bone cell is immature and what is its function?

Answer 11

Osteoblasts produce bone matrix and initiate calcification

Question 12

What type of bone cell becomes an osteocyte once surrounded by matrix?

Answer 12

Osteoblasts

Question 13

Where are osteocytes found?

Answer 13

Inside lacunae

Question 14

What connects lacunae to each other?

Answer 14

CANALICULI which then allows for communication between cells

Question 15

Where are osteoclasts derived from?

Answer 15

Haemopietic lineage

Question 16

Where are osteoblasts derived from?

Answer 16

Mesenchymal lineage

Question 17

What are the two types of ossification?

Answer 17

Endochondral ossification
Intramembranous ossification

Question 18

Describe ENDOCHONDRAL ossification

Answer 18

• bone forms a cartilage model first
• blood vessels invade cartilage
• cartilage replaced with bone
• cartilage remains in EPIPHYSEAL growth plate
• growth plate eventually ossifies

Question 19

Describe INTRAMEMBRANOUS ossification

Answer 19

• no cartilage ‘model’!
• mesenchymal cells develop into osteoprogenitor cells
• that mature into osteoblasts
• that start depositing bone
• residual mesenchymal cells develop blood vessels and bone marrow

Question 20

What type of bone formation occurs in adults?

Answer 20

Intramembranous ossification

Question 21

What are the two types of bone growth?

Answer 21

Appositional
Interstitial