Bones

Question 1

What’s osteology

Answer 1

science of bones

Question 2

function of bones

Answer 2

• support
• protection
• stored minerals (mineral reservoirs)
• blood cell production
• movement

Question 3

2 types of bone

Answer 3

spongey bone in middle
compact bone around the edge

cemented together in the bone matrix

Question 4

periosteum

Answer 4

outer most layer of bone

Question 5

main unit of bone

Answer 5

osteon

Question 6

what’s compact (cortical) bone made of

Answer 6

composed of osteons packed together

Question 7

what is spongey (trabecular) cancelous bone made of

Answer 7

a lattice of thin threads of bone, less dense and aligned to tissue load (as we grow we ossify)

Question 8

bone formation pattern with age

Answer 8

increase of bone formation to a decrease - process of moving cartilage to boney tissue

Question 9

Ossification

Answer 9

• process of laying down bone to a primary ossification centre in the cartilage interuterine
• secondary ossification centres target the areas that primary centre has not reached
• long bone primary centre = diaphysis
• secondary centre = epiphysis

Question 10

Osteoblasts

Answer 10

produce major bone cells

Question 11

Osteocytes

Answer 11

remove dead bone cells

Question 12

what does a T score measure

Answer 12

bone mineral density
T = 1.0 = normal

Question 13

axial skeleton

Answer 13

cranium
vertebral column
rib cage
sternum
sacrum
(attachment site for upper and lower limbs, protection of vital organs)

Question 14

appendicular skeleton

Answer 14

upper and lower limbs
(movement and function are main roles)

Question 15

sub divisions of bone

Answer 15

long
short
irregular
flat
(divided based on shape and function)

Question 16

Parts of a long bone

Answer 16

Epiphysis (ends)
Diaphysis (middle)
articular cartilage

Question 17

about the epiphysis

Answer 17

• filled with spongey bone (cancellous)
• expanded for articulation and surface area for attachments
• centres for ossification during development

Question 18

about the Diaphysis (shaft)

Answer 18

• cylindrical
• dense compact bone on periphery
• medullary cavity filled with marrow

Question 19

about articular cartilage

Answer 19

composed of hyaline cartilage

Question 20

short bones shape and function

Answer 20

cubed shaped
distributes forces
gives flexibility and stability

Question 21

flat bones shape

Answer 21

plate like

Question 22

about irregular bones

Answer 22

fail to fit into any other classifications

Question 23

parts of vertebral column

Answer 23

cervical (c1-7)
thoracic (t1-12)
lumbar (l1-5)
sacrum (5)
coccyx (4)

Question 24

about cervical

Answer 24

• 7
• 1st is atlas
• 2nd is axis
• convex
• lordosis

Question 25

about thoracic

Answer 25

- 12 - concave - kyphosis

Question 26

lumbar

Answer 26

- 5 - lordosis

Question 27

lordosis

Answer 27

- convex - backwards c

Question 28

kyphosis

Answer 28

- c shape

Question 29

scoliosis

Answer 29

abnormal curvature

Question 30

sacral & coccygeal type of joint and how are they joined

Answer 30

- fused together - fixed joints

Question 31

what’s a tubercle

Answer 31

small rounded bump

Question 32

what’s a process

Answer 32

prominent projection

Question 33

what’s a tuberosity

Answer 33

knob

Question 34

trochanter

Answer 34

tuberosities in a proximal femur

Question 35

condyle

Answer 35

smooth rounded articular surface

Question 36

epicondyle

Answer 36

near or above condyle

Question 37

facet

Answer 37

small flattened articular surface

Question 38

Depressions are called

Answer 38

- fossa - notch - fovea - groove or sulcus

Question 39

Openings

Answer 39

- foramen - canal - sinus

Question 40

Ridges

Answer 40

- line/linea - crest - spine