Bones of the Skull and Face

Question 1

Bones of the skull divided into 2 groups:

Answer 1

1. Bones of the facial skeleton
2. Bones of the Cranial Skeleton

they are often referred as the craniofacial skeleton

22 bones
some paired, some unpaired
ALL are attached by IMMOVEABLE joints called sutures, EXCEPT the MANDIBLE

Question 2

Sutures are what kind of joint?

Answer 2

Synarthrodial joint

Immoveable

In infants and very young children however these joints do permit some movement

Question 3

The temporomandibular joint

Answer 3

The temporomandibular joint, or TMJ, is classified as synovial joint [highly moveable].

Is is similar to a ball and socket joint

This joint connects the mandible (lower jaw) to the temporal bone that is a part of the cranial skeleton

Question 4

How many bones are in the facial skeleton? viscerocranium

Answer 4

14 bones

Question 5

What are the paired bones of the facial skeleton?

Answer 5

1. Maxillae - paired
2. Nasal bones - paired
3. Palatine bones - paired
4. Lacrimal bones - paired
5. zygomatic bones - paired
6. inferior nasal conchae - paired

Question 6

What are the unpaired bones of the facial skeleton?

Answer 6

Mandible
Vomer

Question 7

Mandible

Answer 7

Forms the lower jaw

begins as a paired bone with mental symphysis [juncture of 2 bones]

it becomes fused into a single bone early in life

Question 8

What are the parts of the mandible?

Answer 8

Body

Alveolar Arch

Angle

Ramus

Coronoid + Condylar Processes

Alveolar Process

Question 9

Maxillae

Answer 9

Paired bone that forms the UPPER JAW

It helps to form the following structures:

Roof of the oral cavity
Floor + lateral walls of the nasal cavity
Floor of the orbits

Question 10

What are the four processes of the Maxillae?

Answer 10

1. Zygomatic process
2. alveolar process
3. palatine process
4. frontal process

Question 11

Maxillae - Zygomatic Process

Answer 11

Located between the anterior + posterior surfaces on the lateral aspect of the bone

The process is directed superiorly + laterally to articulate with the zygomatic bone

Question 12

Frontal process

Answer 12

superiorly directed plate of bone on the anterior surface

It articulates with the FRONTAL bone

Question 13

Maxillae: Palatine + alveolar processes

Answer 13

Palatine Process:

Horizontal plate of bone, directed medially

Articulates with the opposite side to form the anterior 2/3-3/4 of the hard palate

Alveolar process:

houses the TEETH

Question 14

Nasal bones

Answer 14

Form the bridge of the nose

Bones are comprised of two small oblong plates of bone

nasal bones lie medially to the frontal process of maxilla

Question 15

How do the nasal bone articulate?

Answer 15

They articulate with the following:

frontal bone

maxillae

other bones of the nose

Question 16

Palatine bones

Answer 16

Located in the posterior nasal cavity

Situated posteriorly to the palatine process of the maxilla

TOGETHER, the palatine bones and the palatine process of the maxilla make up the hard palate

Question 17

What landmark do the palatine bones contain?

Answer 17

posterior nasal spine

posteriorly directed bony projection that is used as the landmark in imaging

Question 18

What structures do the palatine bones contribute to?

Answer 18

Posterior floor + lateral wall of the nasal cavity y

Posterior 1/4 of the hard palate

The floor of the orbit

Question 19

What is the function of the horizontal, superior, and vertical parts of the palatine bones?

Answer 19

horizontal part, with an inferior surface that forms the posterior portion of the hard palate

superior part that helps form the posterior portion of the nasal cavity

Vertical portion contributes to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

Question 20

Lacrimal Bones

Answer 20

Smallest of the facial bones

Form part of the medial wall of the orbital cavity

(inner eye socket location in images)

Question 21

What bones do the zygomatic bones articulate with?

Answer 21

Maxillae

Frontal bone

Temporal bone

TOGETHER, these bones make up the LATERAL ORBIT

Question 22

What are the 4 processes of the zygomatic bones?

Answer 22

Maxillary

Frontal or frontosphenoidal

Orbital

Temporal

Question 23

Inferior Nasal Conchae

Answer 23

make up most of the inferior part of the lateral nasal walls

Articulate with the maxillae posteriorly and with the palatine bones

Question 24

Vomer

Answer 24

Forms the inferior half of the bony nasal septum

Articulates inferiorly with the maxillae and the palatine bones

Anterior border of vomer articulates with the cartilaginous septum of the nose

Question 25

How many bones make up the cranial skeleton?

Answer 25

8

Question 26

What are the unpaired bones of the cranial skeleton?

Answer 26

Ethmoid Frontal Occipital Sphenoid

Question 27

What are the paired bones of the cranial skeleton?

Answer 27

Parietal Temporal

Question 28

Ethmoid

Answer 28

UNPAIRED Separates nasal cavity from brain considered to be a cranial bone, but also contributes to facial skeleton consists of a number of parts + articulates with 15 bones

Question 29

Ethmoid articulates with several bones

Answer 29

Frontal (1) Inferior nasal concha (2) Sphenoid (1) Zygomatics (2) Nasals (2) Lacrimals (2) Palatines (2) Vomer (1) Maxillae (2)

Question 30

What are the 4 parts of the Ethmoid (unpaired bones of cranium)?

Answer 30

1. Cribiform Plate 2. Crista Galli 3. Ethmoid Labyrinth 4. Conchae

Question 31

Cribiform plate (part of the ethmoid bones)

Answer 31

Horizontal plate that separates the oral + nasal cavities forms the roof of the nasal cavities

Question 32

Crista Galli (ethmoid bones)

Answer 32

Superior projection from the cribiform plate triangular process that separates the cerebral hemispheres

Question 33

Ethmoid labyrinth (ethmoid bones)

Answer 33

a thin walled section of bone that has air pockets that vary in size

Question 34

Conchae (ethmoid bones)

Answer 34

Forms the medial surface of the ethmoid labyrinth it is comprised of 2 lateral plates that house the superior + medial nasal conchae forms the lateral walls of the nasal cavities

Question 35

Frontal Bone

Answer 35

unpaired bone + forms the ANTERIOR part of the BRAIN CASE Contains a vertical plate (forehead) and a horizontal aspect that contributes to the roof of the orbit + nasal cavities

Question 36

What are the 4 parts of the FRONTAL BONE

Answer 36

1. Ethmoid notch located at midline that articulates with the ethmoid bone 2. Zygomatic process Articulates with the zygomatic bone + is situated laterally to the orbital surface 3. Frontal or nasal spine bony projection found medially on the frontal bone + that articulates with the nasal bones and ethmoid 4. Supraorbital rim forms the superior surface of the orbits

Question 37

Parietal bone

Answer 37

Is paired bone that is joined at the sagittal suture Forms the rounded roof of the cranium Roughly quadrilateral in shape

Question 38

Articulation of the parietal bone

Answer 38

Articulates with several bones Frontal bone at the coronal suture Temporal bone at the squamous or lateral suture Occipital bone at the lambdoidal suture

Question 39

Occipital Bone

Answer 39

UNPAIRED bone that forms the inferior and posterior portions of the cranium Articulates with the parietal bone at the lambdoid suture FORAMEN MAGNUM is situated at the skull based + allows passage of the spinal cord LATERAL CONDYLES are situated laterally to the FORAMEN MAGNUM + PERMIT C1 [atlas] articulation

Question 40

Temporal Bone

Answer 40

PAIRED BONE that forms the LATERAL BASE + part of the lateral aspect of the cranium

Question 41

3 parts of the temporal bone

Answer 41

Squamous portion Petrous portion Tympanic portion

Question 42

Squamous portion of the temporal bone

Answer 42

forms the lateral, anterior, and superior aspects of the temporal bone includes ZYGOMATIC PROCESS that articulates with the TEMPORAL PROCESS of the zygomatic bone

Question 43

Petrous portion of the temporal bone

Answer 43

Found at the base of the skull It houses the essential organs of hearing + balance and includes the mastoid process [a point of attachment for some muscles]

Question 44

Tympanic Portion of Temporal bone

Answer 44

Anterior to the mastoid process + inferior to the squamous + petrous portions of the temporal bone Forms part of the external auditory meatus [EAM] + includes the styloid process [point of attachment for some muscles]

Question 45

Sphenoid - temporal bone

Answer 45

COMPLEX BONE that articulates with ALL BONES of the CRANIAL SKELETON + 3 BONES of the FACIAL SKELETON Vomer Palatine bones zygomatic bones

Question 46

Where is the sphenoid bone situated?

Answer 46

Situated at the skull base, anterior to the foramen magnum Shaped like a bat

Question 47

4 parts of the sphenoid

Answer 47

1. Body Anterior surface that forms the posterior wall of the nasal cavity 2. LESSER WING (2) Laterally directed plates that contribute to the superior walls of the orbits 3. Greater Wings (2) Laterally directed, curve superiorlyy + posteriorly They form the posterior 1/2 of the lateral orbital wall 4.Pterygoid processes: For the attachment of the pterygoid muscles - lateral pterygoid process - medial pterygoid process - pterygoid hamulus

Question 48

Sphenoid - Pterygoid processes

Answer 48

1. Lateral pterygoid process Attachment for some muscles 2. Medial pterygoid process Attachment for some muscles 3. Pterygoid hamulus Termination point of the medial pterygoid process