Bovine viruses Flashcards
(93 cards)
0
Q
What are the systemic bovine diseases?
A
foot and mouth bovine leukemia bovine viral diarrhea bovine ephemeral fever malignant catarrhal fever rift valley fever rinderpest bluetongue
1
Q
What are the 2 bovine CNS diseases?
A
Rabies
BSE
2
Q
What are the 3 bovine respiratory dzs?
A
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
bovine respiratory syncytial dz
parinfluenza 3
3
Q
What are the 2 bovine GI dzs?
A
bovine rotavirus diarrhea
bovine coronavirus
4
Q
What are the 2 repro viruses of bovine?
A
infectious pustular vulvovaginitis
akabane dz
5
Q
What are the 6 bovine skin viruses?
A
papillomatosis vesicular stomatitis bovine mammillitis cowpox pseudocowpox lumpyskin dz
6
Q
What are the characteristics of foot and mouth virus?
A
family - picornaviridae
naked
exits by lysis
7
Q
What are the symptoms of FMD?
A
mucosal lesions of ruminants and swine
8
Q
How many serotypes of FMD are there?
A
7
9
Q
When does the most economical lost happen with FMD?
A
slow recovery after dz
10
Q
Is FMD zoonotic?
A
yes but rare
11
Q
Why are FMD vaccines not effective?
A
continuous antienic drift and they are also serotype specific
12
Q
How is FMD spread?
A
inhalation of droplets, infected food, vaccines, semen and fomites
13
Q
When and how long is the FMD virus shed?
A
24 hours before onset of clinical signs
cattle - 2 years
not persistant in swine!
14
Q
What test is used to detect FMD?
A
antigen ELISA for all serotypes
15
Q
What test is used to detect the source of FMD?
A
RT-PCR
16
Q
What are the characteristics of bovine leukemia virus?
A
family - retroviridae
enveloped
17
Q
What are the clinical signs of BLV?
A
most - asymptomatic 30% - persistant lymphocytosis few - lymphoid tumors lymphosarcomas NO MALIGNANT CELLS IN BLOOD
18
Q
How is BLV diagnosed?
A
antibody ELISA
19
Q
How is BLV transmitted?
A
close and prolonged direct contact
10% of calves infected at birth
20
Q
What are the characteristics of malignant catarrhal fever?
A
family - herpesviridae
enveloped
intranuclear inclusion bodies
21
Q
What does malignant catarrhal fever cause?
A
fatal generalized lymphoproliferative dz
22
Q
What is the main clinical sign of malignant catarrhal fever?
A
bilateral opthalmia leading to blindness
23
Q
What are the diagnostic tests of catarrhal fever?
A
history, CS, confirmed by virus isolation
24
How is catarrhal fever controlled?
cattle are dead end to transmission, no vaccines
25
What is the family and genus of rinderpest?
Paramyxoviridae - morbillivirus
26
What do paramyxoviridae viruses show in cells?
syncytiums, intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies
27
What other virus can you relate rinderpest to?
canine distemper virus
28
What are the 2 phases of rinderpest virus?
mucosal - severe mouth erosions
| diarrhea - die of shock and dehydration
29
How is the rinderpest virus spread throughout the body?
viremia ->spleen, BM, mucosa of GI and respiratory
30
What leads to secondary infections in rinderpest virus?
leukopenia and destruction of LN
31
When is the rinderpest virus shed?
during incubation period, before clinical signs
32
What family is Bovine Viral diarrhea virus?
flaviviridae
33
What are characteristics of flavivirdae viruses?
RNA, enveloped
34
Where does BVD occur and why is it important?
worldwide, high morbidity and mortality in beef and dairy
35
What does transplancental infection in BVD depend on?
age of the fetus
36
What months of gestation can the fetus get infected with BVD?
2nd to 4th month
37
What is the main clinical sign of non-pregnant cows infected with BVD?
panleukopenia
38
What is a superinfection?
2nd infection from mutated strain of virus
39
What types of animals get the acute mucosal and chronic mucosal form of BVD?
persistantly infected calves
40
What causes persistantly infected calves to develop mucosal dz?
superinfection from vaccine
41
What are some symptoms of acute mucosal dz?
erosions and ulcers on mucosa, nasal ocular discharge, hypersalivation, decreased rumination and bloat
42
What is the sequalae of acute mucosal disease in BVD?
dehydrate and die within 3-10 days
43
What happens in chronic mucosal disease in BVD?
die before 18 months, euthanized
44
Where is BVDV replicating in persistantly infected bulls?
seminal vesicles and prostate gland -> venereal transmission
45
What aspect of BVDV allows for transplancental and intrauterine infections?
high level of viremia
46
What is the gold standard test for BVDV?
virus isolation in culture, followed by IF
47
What is the most convenient test for BVDV?
viral antigen detection in tissues (IHC)
48
How can BVDV be prevented?
attenuated vaccines -> but may cause PI animals to get mucosal dz
49
What are the viruses involved in shipping fever?
parainfluenza 3
adenovirus
IBR
bovine resp syncytial
50
What vaccine is available for parainfluenza 3 virus?
attenuated vax - produce IgA antibodies
| combined with IBR, adeno, and BVD
51
What species does parainfluenza 3 virus infect?
wide range of species
52
What is the family and genus of bovine respiratory syncytial dz?
paramyxoviridae - pneumovirus
53
What effects can bovine respiratory syncytial disease virus cause by itself?
high morbidity and low mortality
54
Why can reinfections occur in bovine resp syncytial dz?
serologic conversion is short lived
55
How is bovine respiratory syncytial dz diagnosed?
IF on cells from lung lavage or necropsy, serology on paired samples are difficult to interpret
56
What tie of year is bovine respiratory syncytial dz more common?
winter - spreads rapidly by aerosols
57
What type of virus causes IBR?
bovine herpesvirus 1
58
What is the morbidity and mortality of IBR?
morbidity - 100%
| mortality - 10%
59
What are the clinical signs of IBR?
fetid breath, deep bronchial cough, abortion (late, rare)
60
What do aborted fetuses of IBR show on necropsy?
no gross lesions, microscopic necrotic foci
61
How many segments does bovine rotavirus have?
11
62
What are other names for bovine rota virus diarrhea in calves?
white scours, milk scours
63
When are calves affected by rota virus?
first couple of weeks post birth
64
What are the clinical signs of rota virus in calves?
moderately depressed, eating, feces are voluminus, soft to liquid, lots of mucus
65
What virus is known as "winter dysentery"?
bovine coronavirus diarrhea
66
When is coronavirus diarrhea seen in calves?
at about 1 week of age
67
What are the characteristics of papovaviridae viruses?
DNA, naked
68
What forms of bovine papillomatosis show small firm to large cauliflowers, gray or black and rough to the touch?
teat frond warts
cutaneous warts
rice rain fibropapillomas
69
What characterizes type 3 bovine papillomatosis?
flat with broad base
70
Where can the cauliflower papilloma be found on the body?
teats, udders, head, neck, omasum, vulva, penis, anus
71
Where can papillomas occur to cause endemic hematuria? What do they eventually become?
GI and bladder --> progress to SCC
72
How does papilloma virus enter the body?
through abrasians
73
How long do the papillomas persist?
4-6 months, spontaneous regression
74
What virus causes bovine mammillitis?
bovine herpesvirus 2
75
What are the DDX for bovine mammillitis?
warts, pseudocowpox, vesicular stomatitis
76
What are the pathognomic lesions found in pseudocowpox?
horse shoe scabs
77
What kind of herds are affected by pseudo cow pox?
mostly milking, some beef
78
What are the many CS caused by bovine herpesvirus 1?
```
rhinotracheatis
pustular vaginitis
balanoposthitis
conjuctivitis
abortion
enteritis
```
79
What animals are affected by infectious ppusstular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis?
dairy cows
80
How long does acute cow genital herpes last?
4-5 days
81
What are signs of balanoposthitis in bulls?
refusal to serve
| semen contains virus
82
What are the symptoms of cows with BHV 1?
stand apart, frequent micturition
vulva swollen, discharge
vestibular mucosa is red with many small pustules
form a fibrinous pseudomembrane covering the ulcerated mucosa
83
What is the difference between the PrPc and PrPsc proteins?
different folding
84
What are characteristics of viruses in the flaviviridae family?
RNA, enveloped
85
What genera of flaviviridae produces persistantly infected immunotolerant animals?
pestivirus
86
What genera of flaviviridae are arboviruses and zoonotic?
flaviviruses
87
What are characteristics of picornaviridae?
RNA, naked, resistant in environment
88
What parts of the body do picornaviridae infect?
myocardium, liver, CNS
89
What diagnostic tests can be used on picornaviridae viruses?
antigen ELISA and RT-PCR
90
What can distinguish between the two conformational epitopes of prion diseases?
monoclonal antibody
91
What are the 4 viruses that cause abortion in cows?
FMD (by fever)
Rinderpest
BVDV - after day 125
BHV 1 (IBR and IPV)
92
What is the aborting virus of small ruminants?
bluetongue
