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Psychology > Brain/Nervous System - Exam 1 > Flashcards

Brain/Nervous System - Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Hindbrain

A

Cerebellum
Pons
Reticular Formation
Medulla

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2
Q

Midbrain

A

Body Orientation

Links brain to spine

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3
Q

Forebrain

A 
Thalamus
Basal Ganglia
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Hypothalamus
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4
Q

Afferent

A

Arrives signals in brain

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5
Q

Efferent

A

Exit signals in brain

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6
Q

Cerebellum

A

Movement and coordination

looks like a cauliflower, by brainstem

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7
Q

Pons

A

Connects cerebellum to brain

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8
Q

Medulla

A

Regulates heart / breathing

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9
Q

Thalamus

A

On top of midbrain. Operator of brain

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10
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Reward, movement

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11
Q

Hippocampus

A

Biographical memory. Specifically short term

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12
Q

Amygdala

A

Emotion, fear

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13
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Body temp, thirst, reproductive behavior, base motivation

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14
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Selective attention, voluntary motor control

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15
Q

Epinepherine

A

Awareness, adrenaline

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16
Q

Serotonin

A

Mood, eating, aggressive behavior, depression

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17
Q

Dopamine

A

Motivation, pleasure, emotional arousal

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18
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory NT

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19
Q

GABA

A

Inhibitory NT. Can stop lungs and brain from working

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20
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Releases hormones for growth, blood pressure, etc

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21
Q

Oxytocin

A

Love, Reproduction. Increased contraction of uterus during labor and milk into breasts

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22
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

more folds = more surface area for neurons. Responsible for thinking, processing, language.

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23
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

control panel of personality and communication

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24
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

back of brain. processes sensory info

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25
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

hearing, speech, words

26
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

processes mainly visual info

27
Q

Limbic System

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Amygdala, hippocampus

28
Q

Structuralism

A

Focus: Analysis of basic elements that constitute the mind.

Founding Member: Wundt - Titchener

29
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory

A

Focus: emphasizes importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts and behavior.
Founding Member: Sigmund Freud

30
Q

Behaviorism

A

Focus: advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to the scientific study of objectively observable behavior.
Founding Member: John B. Watson

31
Q

Cognitive Pysychology

A

Focus: study of physical features including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning.
Founding Member: Ulric Neisser

32
Q

Functionalism

A

Focus: The study of how mental processes enable people to adapt to their environments.
Founding Member: William James
Darwin’s Influence: adaptation = evolution

33
Q

Demand Characteristics

A

Aspects of an obervational setting that cause people to behave as they think someone else wants or expects.

34
Q

Not-me Fallacy

A

belief that we are immune from errors that effect others.

35
Q

Experimenter Expectancy

A

when a researcher’s cognitive bias causes them to subconciously effect the subjects of an experiment

36
Q

Availability Heuristic

A

the concept that items that are more readily available in memory are judged as having occured more frequently.

37
Q

Representative Heuristic

A

making a probability judgement on an object or event by using a prototype of that event or object.

38
Q

Nocebo Effect

A

when a drug-trial subject’s symptoms are worsened by the administration of an inert, sham, or dummy (simulator) treatment, called a placebo.

39
Q

Validity

A

Accurately measures

40
Q

Reliability

A

consistently measures

41
Q

P Value

A

Probability event will fall in expected bounds. P=.05 is significant.

42
Q

Three Rs in animal research?

A

Replacement - Do everything in power to replace animals with other subjects
Reduction - Use as few animals as possible
Refinement - Make experiment as painless and quick as possible.

43
Q

Structure of a neuron

A

See Notes

44
Q

Function of a neuron

A

Pass messages and detect environmental stimuli

45
Q

Axon

A

Part of a neuron that carries information to other neurons, muscles, glands.

46
Q

Dendrites

A

Receives information from other neurons and relays it to cell body.

47
Q

Myelin

A

An insulating layer of fat that protects the neuron

48
Q

Cell Body (soma)

A

Part of a neuron that coordinates information processing tasks and keeps the cell alive.

49
Q

Nucleus

A

contains necessary genetic material for neuron

50
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between axon and dendrite of two nerves where info is sent.

51
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps between schwann cells - aka myelin sheath

52
Q

Action Potential

A

an electric signal that is conducted along a neuron’s axon to a synapse.

53
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Binds chemical signals to receptors from axon to dendrite.

54
Q

Function of neurotransmitters

A

Different chemicals can produce different reactions, and produce or inhibit action potentials.

55
Q

Agonists

A

Drugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter

56
Q

Antagonists

A

Drugs that decrease the action of a neurotransmitter

57
Q

Somatic Nervous System

sympathetic

A

A set of nerves that conveys information between voluntary muscles and the central nervous system.
Does fight or flight, increased respiration

58
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

para-sympathetic

A

A set of nerves that carries involuntary and automatic commands that control blood vessels, body organs, and glands.
Controls bladder, digestion, sleepiness. Relax

59
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Carry impulses to the brain and spinal cord. Afferent

60
Q

Motor neuron

A

Pass from brain or spinal cord to muscle or gland. Efferent

61
Q

Endorphins

A

Reduce perception of pain. Act as morphine

Psychology (4 decks)

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