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Neuroanatomy > Brain stem > Flashcards

Brain stem Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

What part of the brainstem controls maintenance of consciousness?

A

Reticular formation

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2
Q

What are the gross anatomical features of the midbrain?

A
  • Superior and inferior colliculi (corpora quadrigemina)
  • Cerebral peduncles
  • Cerebral aqueduct
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3
Q

What are the gross anatomical features of the pons?

A
  • Basal pons
  • Middle cerebellar peduncle
  • Part of 4th ventricle
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4
Q

What are the gross anatomical features of the medulla?

A
  • Pyramids
  • Olives
  • Part of 4th ventricle
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5
Q

What forms the floor of the posterior cranial fossa? Roof? What major brain divisions are found there?

A
  • Occiput
  • Tentorium cerebelli
  • Cerebellum and brainstem
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6
Q

Where specifically are the corpora quadrigemina located?

A

Tectum of midbrain (dorsal)

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7
Q

The inferior colliculi are involved in _______, the superior colliculi are involved in _______.

Which deal with which nuclei?

A
  • Hearing
  • Vision

SLO AIM

  • Superior colliculi, lateral geniculate, optic
  • Auditory, inferior colliculi, medial geniculate
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8
Q

Where are the superior cerebellar peduncles?
Middle?
Inferior?

A
  • Sup: midbrain
  • Mid: pons
  • Inf: medulla
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9
Q

Where are the cerebral peduncles located?

A

Midbrain

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10
Q

Where are the olives and what do they connect to?

A
  • Medulla

- Connect to dentate nucleus of cerebellum

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11
Q

Where are the pyramids found and which tract are the pyramids a part of?

A
  • Medulla

- CST (decussates into sc)

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12
Q

Describe the approximate location of the 4th ventricle.

Review: what are the names of the holes leading out of the 4th ventricle?

A
  • B/w pons/upper medulla and cerebellum

- Lateral foramen of Lushka, posterior Midline foramen of Magendi.

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13
Q

What is the name of the thickest n. coming out of the pons?

A

Trigeminal n. (CN V)

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14
Q

Which is the only CN that leaves from the dorsal side of the brainstem?
What else does it uniquely do?

A

Trochlear n. (CN IV)

- Crosses

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15
Q

Which of the cerebellar peduncles is positioned most ventrally?

A

Middle cerebellar peduncle

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16
Q

What is the path of CN 11?

A

Enters thru foramen magnum, leaves thru jugular foramen

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17
Q

The pulvinar nucleus plays a role in _____________.

The mammillary bodies play a role in _____________.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Vision
  • Memory
    (mammillary bodies connect to hippocampus via fornix and degenerate in severe alcoholism)
18
Q

Where’s the red nucleus found?

19
Q

At what specific brainstem level would you see internal arcuate fibers?

Study These Flashcards
A

Caudal medulla

20
Q

At what specific brainstem level would you see inferior olivary nucleus?

Study These Flashcards
A

Rostral medulla

21
Q

At what specific brainstem level would you first see the medial logitudinal fasciculus (MLF)?
What’s its function?

Study These Flashcards
A

Immediately (caudal medulla)
- The MLF deals with coordinating the nuclei of 3, 4, and 6 with each other and spinal reflexes (coordinates head/neck/eye movements)

22
Q

The deep cerebellar nuclei first become visible at what specific brainstem level?
Name them.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Caudal pons

Fat guys eat doughnuts
- Fastigal, globose, emboliform, dentate

23
Q

Any cell bodies seen in the pons are known as _________________.

Study These Flashcards
A

Pontine gray nuclei

24
Q

As you ascend the brainstem, where does the periaqueductal gray (PAG) begin, specifically?

Study These Flashcards
A

Rostral pons (surrounds top of 4th ventricle)

25
In the brainstem, explain the general spatial arrangement of the DCP, STT, and CST.
- DCP medial (lemniscus) - STT lateral (pain) - CST ventral (pyramids)
26
Where do the superior cerebellar peduncles (SCPs) decussate, specifically?
Caudal midbrain (makes sense)
27
Ascending the brainstem, where is the cerebral aqueduct first seen, specifically?
Caudal midbrain
28
Spatially, where are the colliculi located?
Dorsal midbrain
29
Specifically, where in the brainstem are the substantia nigra and red nucleus seen?
Rostral midbrain
30
Which CN exits the brainstem at the interpeduncular fossa?
CN III
31
What are the main functions of the reticular formation?
- Arousal and consciousness - Modulates pain pw's - Autonomic reflex circuitry - Participates in control of movement (sc and cerebellum)
32
Where is the locus ceruleus (LC) located, specifically? | What NT is associated w/it?
- Rostral pons (posterior, touching PAG) - Noradrenaline/NE (has extensive projections in CNS; may adjust background levels of sensitivity?)
33
Where is the ventral tegmental area (VTA) located? | What NT is associated w/it?
- Midbrain | - Dopamine (w/SN)
34
What happens w/lesion to VTA? What happens w/lesion to SN? What is their relative spatial arrangement?
- Some form of mental disability - Parkinson's disease - 2x SN's laterally around the median VTA
35
Where is the Raphe located? | What NT is associated w/it?
- Most of the brainstem - Serotonin (5-HT) (Like those of the LC these neurons project all over and may adjust levels of attention or arousal)
36
What is the NT associated w/the rostral brainstem and basal forebrain? What are the 2 key nuclei of the basal forebrain?
- Acetylcholine (ACh) | - Basal nucleus of Meynart and septal nuclei
37
The meynert nucleus projects to _____________________________.
Widespread areas of the cerebrum
38
Septal nuclei (medial olfactory area) project to the __________________.
Hippocampus
39
Destruction of the basal nucleus of Meynart and septal nuclei of the basal forebrain may lead to _____________.
Alzheimer's disease
40
*Raphe works in a vineyard picking grapes.—So: | Also, uncle ______ has trouble moving his ________.
- SE Raphe’s Sustantial Dopey blue NE’s | - Uncle Meynart has trouble moving his cholinergics.
41
A stroke at PICA could cause what major syndrome? | What would it effect?
- Wallenberg syndrome (lateral medullary syndrome) - Balance, taste, pain, speech, + produces a Horner’s syndrome. * Loss of pain and temp in lower body below lesion on contralateral side + loss of pain and temp on ipsilateral side of head
42
If the inferior colliculus of the midbrain is the golfball on cross-section, what is the ball's tee?
Lateral lemniscus

Neuroanatomy (20 decks)

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